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psychology modules 7-11

front 1

Bethany is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending. This is because she thinks she heard her name above the din of the conversation. Her ability to hear her name is due to the mechanism of ________.

Broadbent's forgetting theory

the homecoming queen party phenomenon

selective attention

intimacy

back 1

selective attention

front 2

In the game show Jeopardy!, contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is ________.

nondeclarative

semantic

episodic

working

back 2

semantic

front 3

Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of ________.

chunking

categorizing

rote rehearsal

cueing

back 3

chunking

front 4

The first step in the memory process is ________ information in a form that the memory system can use.

encoding

storing

retrieving

evaluating

back 4

encoding

front 5

Many older adults can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing the day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated, although they cannot remember what they were doing the day before he was assassinated. This is an example of ________.

an eidetic image

a flashbulb memory

a semantic memory

a procedural memory

back 5

a flashbulb memory

front 6

Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of ________ memory.

episodic

nondeclarative

declarative

semantic

back 6

episodic

front 7

When a person's ________ is damaged or removed, anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories, results.

hippocampus

prefrontal lobe

amygdala

cerebellum

back 7

hippocampus

front 8

Sitting in a very noisy restaurant, you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing. This is an example of ________.

Broadbent's forgetting theory

the homecoming queen party phenomenon

selective attention

intimacy

back 8

selective attention

front 9

Memory is defined as an active system that consists of three processes. They are _________.

receiving information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage

the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response

bottom-up processing, selective attention, and top-down processing

acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery

back 9

receiving information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage

front 10

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order. She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE. This tactic is called ________.

cueing

shadowing

rote rehearsal

chunking

back 10

chunking

front 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE about retrieval?

It is a process that allows an extinguished CR to recover.

It is a process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness.

It is a process of getting information from the sensory receptors to the brain.

It is the reason that conditioned taste aversions last so long.

back 11

It is a process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness.

front 12

Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam, there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War. Janie remembers four of them. She knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it; she knows that it starts with a "T." Janie is walking down the stairs, when all of a sudden, she remembers that the fifth point is taxes, but it is too late. Janie was suffering from ________.

encoding problems

storage inversion

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

evaluation overload

back 12

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

front 13

Memories for both general facts and personal information are called ________.

episodic memory

procedural memories

declarative memories

factual memory

back 13

declarative memories

front 14

Maintenance rehearsal is defined as ________.

processing the physical features of the stimulus to be remembered

analyzing new material in order to make it memorable

associating new material to be learned with information maintained in long-term memory

repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory

back 14

repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory

front 15

As memories get older, they are most likely ________.

to get lost

to become stronger, more accurate, and more vivid

to be regarded as unreliable by the person using them

to become changed or altered in some fashion

back 15

to become changed or altered in some fashion

front 16

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to ________.

interference from other information

decay or disuse

encoding failure

disinterest

back 16

interference from other information

front 17

Shaquin finished his term paper and handed it in. As he walked out of the classroom, he realized that there were a few more things he should have included in the paper. Shaquin's problem was with the ________ component of memory.

encoding

storage

retrieval

retention

back 17

retrieval

front 18

Which memory system is the one that is a working, active system that processes the information within it?

long-term memory

short-term memory

secondary memory

cognitive dissonance

back 18

short-term memory

front 19

False positives occur when a person incorrectly "matches" a stimulus not in memory with one in memory who is just similar enough to lead the person to make a false identification. One major problem with eyewitness testimony is that ________.

extinction of auditory memories causes the witness to forget what was said

witnesses are prone to habituate to the courtroom and forget what happened

false positives can cause eyewitness testimony to be quite inaccurate

there is usually some sort of unconscious motivation to provide inaccurate information

back 19

false positives can cause eyewitness testimony to be quite inaccurate

front 20

If one wants to increase the capacity of short-term memory, more items can be held through the process of ________.

chunking

decoding

rote rehearsal

data compression

back 20

chunking

front 21

Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of ________.

elaborative rehearsal

maintenance rehearsal

automatic encoding

selective attention

back 21

selective attention

front 22

You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself. What type of rehearsal are you using?

condensed

permanent

elaborative

maintenance

back 22

maintenance

front 23

Trying to remember someone's name whom you met long ago is an example of what type of process?

storage

retrieval

encoding

decoding

back 23

retrieval

front 24

The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of ________ memory.

short-term

episodic

long-term

procedural

back 24

long-term

front 25

General knowledge, language, and concepts are seen as parts of ________ memory.

episodic

nondeclarative

declarative

semantic

back 25

semantic

front 26

One problem with relying on eidetic imagery to study for tests is that ________.

you remember too much material and the professor will think you are cheating

eidetic images fade in .25 seconds as Sperling has shown

you may be able to recall the material but you don't necessarily understand it

it only helps you remember things from other cultures

back 26

you may be able to recall the material but you don't necessarily understand it

front 27

In the information processing model of memory, the process of storage would be analogous to which part of a modern computer?

a memory stick (or thumb drive)

a central processing unit

a wireless mouse and keyboard

a flat panel monitor

back 27

a memory stick (or thumb drive)

front 28

________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

Learning

Memory

back 28

Memory

front 29

Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again—but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of ________ memory.

sensory

short-term

echoic

implicit

back 29

short-term

front 30

Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?

short-term memory

long-term memory

sensory memory

implicit memory

back 30

long-term memory

front 31

________ is the retention of memory for some period of time.

Encoding

Storage

Retrieval

Evaluation

back 31

Storage

front 32

The three parts of the information-processing model of memory are ________.

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

CS, UCS, UR, and CR

encoding, storage, and retrieval

shallow, medium, and deep processing

back 32

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

front 33

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the ________.

cerebellum

prefrontal lobes of the cortex

hippocampus

amygdala

back 33

prefrontal lobes of the cortex

front 34

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ________.

persona

personal unconscious

alter-ego

collective unconscious

back 34

collective unconscious

front 35

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ________.

id

ego

superego

preconscious

back 35

id

front 36

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer. Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests. Which defense mechanism is at work here?

reaction formation

denial

repression

undoing

back 36

denial

front 37

Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality, and this theory was a shock to the Victorian era in which Freud lived.

id

preconscious mind

manifest awareness

unconscious mind

back 37

unconscious mind

front 38

What is Albert Bandura's term for the relationship among the three factors that influence personality?

feedback loops

learned responses

reciprocal determinism

external expectancies

back 38

reciprocal determinism

front 39

For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or ________.

traits

conditions

stimuli

habits

back 39

habits

front 40

One of the main differences between the psychoanalytic view and the social cognitive view is that ________.

the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not

the mind is more important to the psychoanalyst than the cognitivist

the psychoanalytic view requires feedback from clients and the social cognitive view does not

the social cognitive view is more abstract than the psychoanalytic view

back 40

the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not

front 41

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

Temperament and personality are the exact same thing.

Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built.

Temperament, which we are born with, is a vital part of personality.

Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

back 41

Temperament, which we are born with, is a vital part of personality.

front 42

A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, personal characteristics, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ________ psychologist.

psychodynamic

social cognitive learning

psychoanalytic

trait

back 42

social cognitive learning

front 43

When anxiety provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness, such as not remembering lying to parents, it is called ________.

denial

sublimation

repression

regression

back 43

repression

front 44

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ________.

personality

nurture

a trait

nature

back 44

personality

front 45

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?

false cognitions

coping techniques

disordered thinking

psychological defense mechanisms

back 45

psychological defense mechanisms

front 46

When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda, she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?

repression

rationalization

sublimation

projection

back 46

rationalization

front 47

The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's behavior.

psychodynamic

humanistic

trait

behaviorist

back 47

behaviorist

front 48

Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the unconscious was the ________.

personal unconscious

archetype

collective unconscious

animus

back 48

personal unconscious

front 49

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ________.

collective

animus

anima

preconscious

back 49

collective

front 50

Watson and Skinner believed that personality is the result of:

operant conditioning and vicarious learning.

conditioning and reinforcement.

observational learning and classical conditioning.

behavioral reinforcement.

back 50

conditioning and reinforcement.

front 51

When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality, one is thinking about ________.

soul

character

temperament

conscience

back 51

character

front 52

According to Freud, rationality, logical thinking, and reasoning are controlled by the ________.

pleasure principle

ego

superego

animus

back 52

ego

front 53

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ________.

sex

denial

marriage

depression

back 53

sex

front 54

According to Albert Bandura, a person's expectancy about his or her skills and ability to accomplish a goal is known as ________.

self-efficacy

locus of control

phenomenology

reciprocal determinism

back 54

self-efficacy

front 55

The ________ perspective is called the "third force" in personality theory.

psychoanalytic

behaviorist

cognitive

humanistic

back 55

humanistic

front 56

The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is ________.

inventories are standardized

interviews are standardized

interviews have higher validity

There are no major differences.

back 56

inventories are standardized

front 57

Jerod has saved plenty of money and has a lucrative business that he enjoys. He likes to volunteer his time in the community and enjoys the company of others—but still saves time to be alone. One of his favorite things to do in the evening is to sit outside and watch the sunset. Carl Rogers might suggest that Jerod is ________.

retired

experiencing a superiority complex

self-actualizing

emotionally conditioned

back 57

self-actualizing

front 58

Which of the following statements is a criticism that one might legitimately make about the humanistic perspective of personality?

It relies far too much on the influence of environments.

It spends way too much time looking at unconscious determinants of behaviors.

It paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature.

Its concept of womb envy cannot be empirically validated.

back 58

It paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature.

front 59

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

MMPI

16PF

TAT

Rorschach

back 59

Rorschach

front 60

Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________.

conditional esteem

unconditional esteem

conditional positive regard

unconditional positive regard

back 60

unconditional positive regard

front 61

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?

humanistic perspective

trait perspective

projective perspective

inventory perspective

back 61

humanistic perspective

front 62

If you are completing a paper/pencil test that requires you to read statements and indicate "true" or "false" as to whether or not they apply to you, then you are likely taking a(n) ________.

observational measure

TAT

projective test

personality inventory

back 62

personality inventory

front 63

Which of these is an acronym that could help you remember the Big Five traits?

START

BEGIN

DUNES

OCEAN

back 63

OCEAN

front 64

What are the Big Five personality traits?

conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

sensation seeking, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, dominance

neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

back 64

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

front 65

What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common?

They are both stage theories.

They focus on unconscious motivation.

They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.

They both fit in the learning/cognitive perspective.

back 65

They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.

front 66

According to Rogers, people brought up with unconditional positive regard ________.

tend to be vain and narcissistic

are unlikely to be fully functioning

feel valued regardless of their attitudes and behaviors

live lives directed toward what others want and value

back 66

feel valued regardless of their attitudes and behaviors

front 67

In Carl Rogers's theory, our perception of our abilities, traits, and characteristics is known as ________.

personality

self-regard

self-esteem

self-concept

back 67

self-concept

front 68

The field of ________ is devoted to the study of just how much of an individual's personality is due to inherited traits.

behavioral genetics

genetic microbiology

genomanalysis

geometric heredity

back 68

behavioral genetics

front 69

What did Gordon Allport think about traits?

He thought they were like stages.

He thought they were wired into the nervous system.

He thought they were learned.

He thought they were the result of cognitive modeling.

back 69

He thought they were wired into the nervous system.

front 70

If Sylvia is described as good-natured, trusting, and helpful then she probably is fairly high on the Big Five factor known as ________.

extraversion

neuroticism

openness

agreeableness

back 70

agreeableness

front 71

When you accept someone—faults and all—regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of his or her lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting ________.

restraint

unconditional positive regard

self-editing

genuineness

back 71

unconditional positive regard

front 72

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

the heritability of traits

peak experiences

the use of defense mechanisms

unconditional positive regard

back 72

the heritability of traits

front 73

Someone interested in an inventory that might be helpful for making a career choice should try ________.

the TAT

a Rorschach test

the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

back 73

the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

front 74

The most commonly used personality inventory is the ________.

MMPI–2

MBTI

TAT

CPI

back 74

MMPI–2

front 75

According to Carl Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behaviors occur when ________.

a person has low self-esteem

there is matching between the real self and ideal self

there is a mismatch between the real self and ideal self

the individual receives too much unconditional positive regard

back 75

there is a mismatch between the real self and ideal self

front 76

Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure ________.

extraversion

agreeableness

conscientiousness

openness

back 76

openness

front 77

What is one criticism of projective tests?

They are inappropriate for use with children.

They are too simple in their administration and scoring.

They have low validity and reliability.

They fail to take into account differences in the testing environments.

back 77

They have low validity and reliability.

front 78

Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists rely primarily on ________.

projective tests

direct observation

detailed analysis of dreams

interviews

back 78

direct observation

front 79

A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations, and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality, is likely suffering from

schizophrenia

bipolar disorder

dissociative identity disorder

passive-aggressive personality

back 79

schizophrenia

front 80

An irrational, persistent fear is called

A phobia

An obsession

Mania

A compulsion

back 80

A phobia

front 81

Delusions are ___________.

hallucinations

catatonias

false beliefs

maladaptive true beliefs

back 81

false beliefs

front 82

An obsession is an thought while a compulsion is a _________________.

false belief

stimulus

behavior

personality disorder

back 82

behavior

front 83

David, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. He is most likely suffering from:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

schizophrenia

antisocial disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

back 83

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

front 84

Delusions of ________ are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way.

persecution

grandeur

reference

influence

back 84

persecution

front 85

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________.

low levels of thyroxine

low levels of sunlight

high levels of thyroxine

high levels of sunlight

back 85

low levels of sunlight

front 86

During his college years, Jacob often experienced episodes of intense fear accompanied by the physical sensations of a heart attack. Jacob might have experienced a ________ disorder while in college.

personality

mood

panic

eating

back 86

panic

front 87

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ________.

repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface

a set of learned responses

illogical thinking patterns

chemical imbalances and brain damage

back 87

illogical thinking patterns

front 88

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ________ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

delusional

post-traumatic stress

passive-aggressive

back 88

obsessive-compulsive

front 89

George is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviors, he is likely to experience ________.

severe depression

severe anxiety

amnesia

hypochondriasis

back 89

severe anxiety

front 90

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ________.

mood disorders

dissociative neurosis

anxiety disorders

amnesia

back 90

anxiety disorders

front 91

________ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Physician's Desk Reference

The Textbook of Psychological Disorders

The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

back 91

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

front 92

Antisocial, paranoid, and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders.

mood

dissociative

personality

anxiety

back 92

personality

front 93

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from ________.

schizophrenia

bipolar disorder

a dissociative disorder

passive-aggressive personality

back 93

schizophrenia

front 94

An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called ________.

agoraphobia

a social phobia

a specific phobia

an interactive phobia

back 94

a specific phobia

front 95

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life, is called ________.

a psychological disorder

humors

stress syndrome

adaptive behavior

back 95

a psychological disorder

front 96

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month, is called ________.

acute stress disorder

external locus of control

catastrophic stress

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

back 96

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

front 97

Linda is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the BEST explanation of Linda's fear?

cognitive

behavioral

sociocultural

psychoanalytic

back 97

behavioral

front 98

Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called ________.

paraphilias

anxiety disorders

somatoform disorders

dissociative disorders

back 98

dissociative disorders

front 99

Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n) ________.

phobia

delusion

alogia

hallucination

back 99

delusion

front 100

People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

personality

somatoform

affective

schizophrenic

back 100

personality

front 101

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ________.

delusions

hallucinations

obsessions

compulsions

back 101

hallucinations

front 102

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

behavior that is rare

behavior that is consistent with the norms of society

behavior that does not create distress

behavior that is adaptive

back 102

behavior that is rare

front 103

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ________ disorders.

conversion

somatoform

mood

dissociative

back 103

mood

front 104

An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting is called ________.

anorexia nervosa

bulimia

hormone under secretion

leptin reduction

back 104

bulimia

front 105

Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a(n) ________.

mania

obsession

compulsion

phobia

back 105

phobia

front 106

DSM stands for:

Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.

Deviance and Sadism Manual.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.

Developmental Sickness Model.

back 106

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.

front 107

Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ________ personality.

stressed

Type B

Type C

hardy

back 107

hardy

front 108

People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon?

The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.

The stress response in the long run leads to a lowering of the heart rate, which makes the heart inefficient.

The stress response makes muscles stronger, which places a greater burden on the heart and respiratory systems.

The body tends to adapt to the constant call for the stress response and, thus, future responses are not as strong as before.

back 108

The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.

front 109

A person who thrives on stress but lacks the anger and hostility typical of some others who have the Type A personality is said to have a ________ personality.

Type C

Type B

hardy

optimistic

back 109

hardy

front 110

Research has consistently shown that having a good ________ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.

friendship

camaraderie

therapist

social support system

back 110

social support system

front 111

People who respond to life events with a laid back, relaxed, easygoing attitude, and are slow to anger are said to have a ________ personality.

Type A

Type S

Type B

Type C

back 111

Type B

front 112

________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

Stress

Burnout

Dysphoria

Distress

back 112

Stress

front 113

When looking at a glass that is neither completely full nor completely empty, a(n) ________ might say "that glass is half full," while a(n) ________ might say "no, that glass is half empty!"

pessimist; optimist

realist; pessimist

optimist; realist

optimist; pessimist

back 113

optimist; pessimist

front 114

Sasha is experiencing stress in her workplace that is causing her to feel dissatisfied and pessimistic. As a result, she has a desire to quit her job. Sasha is experiencing ________.

road rage

eustress

poverty-related stress

burnout

back 114

burnout

front 115

A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ________ personality.

Type A

Type S

Type B

Type C

back 115

Type A

front 116

Since Melinda is attempting to make a difficult choice as whether or not to file for divorce, she is probably experiencing ________.

learned helplessness

conflict

burnout

little perceived control

back 116

conflict

front 117

Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. He has encouraged him to get good grades, graduate college earlier than his peers, and work as hard as he can. Jacob does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Jacob is responding to ________.

anxiety

pressure

overload

cognitive dissonance

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pressure

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Stress has been shown to put people at a higher risk for ________.

unplanned pregnancy

heart attack and stroke

promotions at work

schizophrenia

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heart attack and stroke

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Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and ________.

colds and headaches

cancer and heart disease

hypertension and obesity

heart disease and schizophrenia

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colds and headaches

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Coping strategies can be either ________-focused or ________-focused in nature.

problem; emotion

distress; eustress

physiologically; spiritually

internally; externally

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problem; emotion

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The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________.

mental illness

coronary heart disease

cancer

respiratory illnesses

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coronary heart disease

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The ________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life resulting from major life changes.

University Students Stress Assessment (USSA)

College Students New Experiences Assessment Scale (CSNEAS)

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)

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College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)

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Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint. This is an example of ________.

problem-focused coping

emotion-focused coping

avoidance

reappraisal

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emotion-focused coping

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Which of the following traits is associated with people who live to be very old?

aggressiveness

being easygoing

inflexibility

tenseness

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being easygoing

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Professor Willoughby assigns his class a term paper that is to make up 30% of their final grade. The students are given clear guidelines about what is expected in this assignment and are given two months to complete the assignment. Because students know that this paper is important, but not the only thing upon which their grades will be based, this assignment would be likely to cause ________.

frustration

distress

aggression

eustress

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eustress

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________ people typically do not live as long as the average life expectancy.

Aggressive

Easygoing

Cheerful

Active

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Aggressive

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The ________ control one has, the ________ the degree of stress.

more; greater

less; greater

less; lower

Control has nothing to do with stress.

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less; greater

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An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________.

anxiety

pressure

overload

cognitive dissonance

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pressure

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Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

divorce

marriage

death of a spouse

damage to the home

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death of a spouse

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Hachi is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8 a.m. tomorrow. The deadline is an example of a ________.

stress

stressor

stress response

stress reaction

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stressor

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________ refers to the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.

Acute stress

Eustress

Distress

Catastrophic stress

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Distress

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Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease?

hostility

compulsiveness

competitiveness

chronic irritability

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hostility

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Working a second job to pay off credit cards is an example of ________.

problem-focused coping

emotion-focused coping

distraction

reappraisal

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problem-focused coping

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An events that causes some sort of stress reaction is referred to as ________.

a hassle

a catastrophe

eustress

a stressor

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a stressor