Bethany is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending. This is because she thinks she heard her name above the din of the conversation. Her ability to hear her name is due to the mechanism of ________.
Broadbent's forgetting theory
the homecoming queen party phenomenon
selective attention
intimacy
selective attention
In the game show Jeopardy!, contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is ________.
nondeclarative
semantic
episodic
working
semantic
Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of ________.
chunking
categorizing
rote rehearsal
cueing
chunking
The first step in the memory process is ________ information in a form that the memory system can use.
encoding
storing
retrieving
evaluating
encoding
Many older adults can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing the day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated, although they cannot remember what they were doing the day before he was assassinated. This is an example of ________.
an eidetic image
a flashbulb memory
a semantic memory
a procedural memory
a flashbulb memory
Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of ________ memory.
episodic
nondeclarative
declarative
semantic
episodic
When a person's ________ is damaged or removed, anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories, results.
hippocampus
prefrontal lobe
amygdala
cerebellum
hippocampus
Sitting in a very noisy restaurant, you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing. This is an example of ________.
Broadbent's forgetting theory
the homecoming queen party phenomenon
selective attention
intimacy
selective attention
Memory is defined as an active system that consists of three processes. They are _________.
receiving information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage
the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response
bottom-up processing, selective attention, and top-down processing
acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery
receiving information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage
Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order. She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE. This tactic is called ________.
cueing
shadowing
rote rehearsal
chunking
chunking
Which of the following statements is TRUE about retrieval?
It is a process that allows an extinguished CR to recover.
It is a process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness.
It is a process of getting information from the sensory receptors to the brain.
It is the reason that conditioned taste aversions last so long.
It is a process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness.
Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam, there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War. Janie remembers four of them. She knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it; she knows that it starts with a "T." Janie is walking down the stairs, when all of a sudden, she remembers that the fifth point is taxes, but it is too late. Janie was suffering from ________.
encoding problems
storage inversion
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
evaluation overload
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Memories for both general facts and personal information are called ________.
episodic memory
procedural memories
declarative memories
factual memory
declarative memories
Maintenance rehearsal is defined as ________.
processing the physical features of the stimulus to be remembered
analyzing new material in order to make it memorable
associating new material to be learned with information maintained in long-term memory
repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory
repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory
As memories get older, they are most likely ________.
to get lost
to become stronger, more accurate, and more vivid
to be regarded as unreliable by the person using them
to become changed or altered in some fashion
to become changed or altered in some fashion
Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to ________.
interference from other information
decay or disuse
encoding failure
disinterest
interference from other information
Shaquin finished his term paper and handed it in. As he walked out of the classroom, he realized that there were a few more things he should have included in the paper. Shaquin's problem was with the ________ component of memory.
encoding
storage
retrieval
retention
retrieval
Which memory system is the one that is a working, active system that processes the information within it?
long-term memory
short-term memory
secondary memory
cognitive dissonance
short-term memory
False positives occur when a person incorrectly "matches" a stimulus not in memory with one in memory who is just similar enough to lead the person to make a false identification. One major problem with eyewitness testimony is that ________.
extinction of auditory memories causes the witness to forget what was said
witnesses are prone to habituate to the courtroom and forget what happened
false positives can cause eyewitness testimony to be quite inaccurate
there is usually some sort of unconscious motivation to provide inaccurate information
false positives can cause eyewitness testimony to be quite inaccurate
If one wants to increase the capacity of short-term memory, more items can be held through the process of ________.
chunking
decoding
rote rehearsal
data compression
chunking
Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of ________.
elaborative rehearsal
maintenance rehearsal
automatic encoding
selective attention
selective attention
You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself. What type of rehearsal are you using?
condensed
permanent
elaborative
maintenance
maintenance
Trying to remember someone's name whom you met long ago is an example of what type of process?
storage
retrieval
encoding
decoding
retrieval
The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of ________ memory.
short-term
episodic
long-term
procedural
long-term
General knowledge, language, and concepts are seen as parts of ________ memory.
episodic
nondeclarative
declarative
semantic
semantic
One problem with relying on eidetic imagery to study for tests is that ________.
you remember too much material and the professor will think you are cheating
eidetic images fade in .25 seconds as Sperling has shown
you may be able to recall the material but you don't necessarily understand it
it only helps you remember things from other cultures
you may be able to recall the material but you don't necessarily understand it
In the information processing model of memory, the process of storage would be analogous to which part of a modern computer?
a memory stick (or thumb drive)
a central processing unit
a wireless mouse and keyboard
a flat panel monitor
a memory stick (or thumb drive)
________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Learning
Memory
Memory
Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again—but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of ________ memory.
sensory
short-term
echoic
implicit
short-term
Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
implicit memory
long-term memory
________ is the retention of memory for some period of time.
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Evaluation
Storage
The three parts of the information-processing model of memory are ________.
sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
CS, UCS, UR, and CR
encoding, storage, and retrieval
shallow, medium, and deep processing
sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the ________.
cerebellum
prefrontal lobes of the cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
prefrontal lobes of the cortex
According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ________.
persona
personal unconscious
alter-ego
collective unconscious
collective unconscious
For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ________.
id
ego
superego
preconscious
id
Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer. Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests. Which defense mechanism is at work here?
reaction formation
denial
repression
undoing
denial
Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality, and this theory was a shock to the Victorian era in which Freud lived.
id
preconscious mind
manifest awareness
unconscious mind
unconscious mind
What is Albert Bandura's term for the relationship among the three factors that influence personality?
feedback loops
learned responses
reciprocal determinism
external expectancies
reciprocal determinism
For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or ________.
traits
conditions
stimuli
habits
habits
One of the main differences between the psychoanalytic view and the social cognitive view is that ________.
the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not
the mind is more important to the psychoanalyst than the cognitivist
the psychoanalytic view requires feedback from clients and the social cognitive view does not
the social cognitive view is more abstract than the psychoanalytic view
the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?
Temperament and personality are the exact same thing.
Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built.
Temperament, which we are born with, is a vital part of personality.
Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.
Temperament, which we are born with, is a vital part of personality.
A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, personal characteristics, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ________ psychologist.
psychodynamic
social cognitive learning
psychoanalytic
trait
social cognitive learning
When anxiety provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness, such as not remembering lying to parents, it is called ________.
denial
sublimation
repression
regression
repression
The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ________.
personality
nurture
a trait
nature
personality
What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?
false cognitions
coping techniques
disordered thinking
psychological defense mechanisms
psychological defense mechanisms
When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda, she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?
repression
rationalization
sublimation
projection
rationalization
The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's behavior.
psychodynamic
humanistic
trait
behaviorist
behaviorist
Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the unconscious was the ________.
personal unconscious
archetype
collective unconscious
animus
personal unconscious
Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ________.
collective
animus
anima
preconscious
collective
Watson and Skinner believed that personality is the result of:
operant conditioning and vicarious learning.
conditioning and reinforcement.
observational learning and classical conditioning.
behavioral reinforcement.
conditioning and reinforcement.
When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality, one is thinking about ________.
soul
character
temperament
conscience
character
According to Freud, rationality, logical thinking, and reasoning are controlled by the ________.
pleasure principle
ego
superego
animus
ego
Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ________.
sex
denial
marriage
depression
sex
According to Albert Bandura, a person's expectancy about his or her skills and ability to accomplish a goal is known as ________.
self-efficacy
locus of control
phenomenology
reciprocal determinism
self-efficacy
The ________ perspective is called the "third force" in personality theory.
psychoanalytic
behaviorist
cognitive
humanistic
humanistic
The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is ________.
inventories are standardized
interviews are standardized
interviews have higher validity
There are no major differences.
inventories are standardized
Jerod has saved plenty of money and has a lucrative business that he enjoys. He likes to volunteer his time in the community and enjoys the company of others—but still saves time to be alone. One of his favorite things to do in the evening is to sit outside and watch the sunset. Carl Rogers might suggest that Jerod is ________.
retired
experiencing a superiority complex
self-actualizing
emotionally conditioned
self-actualizing
Which of the following statements is a criticism that one might legitimately make about the humanistic perspective of personality?
It relies far too much on the influence of environments.
It spends way too much time looking at unconscious determinants of behaviors.
It paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature.
Its concept of womb envy cannot be empirically validated.
It paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature.
Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?
MMPI
16PF
TAT
Rorschach
Rorschach
Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________.
conditional esteem
unconditional esteem
conditional positive regard
unconditional positive regard
unconditional positive regard
Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?
humanistic perspective
trait perspective
projective perspective
inventory perspective
humanistic perspective
If you are completing a paper/pencil test that requires you to read statements and indicate "true" or "false" as to whether or not they apply to you, then you are likely taking a(n) ________.
observational measure
TAT
projective test
personality inventory
personality inventory
Which of these is an acronym that could help you remember the Big Five traits?
START
BEGIN
DUNES
OCEAN
OCEAN
What are the Big Five personality traits?
conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
sensation seeking, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, dominance
neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common?
They are both stage theories.
They focus on unconscious motivation.
They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.
They both fit in the learning/cognitive perspective.
They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.
According to Rogers, people brought up with unconditional positive regard ________.
tend to be vain and narcissistic
are unlikely to be fully functioning
feel valued regardless of their attitudes and behaviors
live lives directed toward what others want and value
feel valued regardless of their attitudes and behaviors
In Carl Rogers's theory, our perception of our abilities, traits, and characteristics is known as ________.
personality
self-regard
self-esteem
self-concept
self-concept
The field of ________ is devoted to the study of just how much of an individual's personality is due to inherited traits.
behavioral genetics
genetic microbiology
genomanalysis
geometric heredity
behavioral genetics
What did Gordon Allport think about traits?
He thought they were like stages.
He thought they were wired into the nervous system.
He thought they were learned.
He thought they were the result of cognitive modeling.
He thought they were wired into the nervous system.
If Sylvia is described as good-natured, trusting, and helpful then she probably is fairly high on the Big Five factor known as ________.
extraversion
neuroticism
openness
agreeableness
agreeableness
When you accept someone—faults and all—regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of his or her lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting ________.
restraint
unconditional positive regard
self-editing
genuineness
unconditional positive regard
Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.
the heritability of traits
peak experiences
the use of defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
the heritability of traits
Someone interested in an inventory that might be helpful for making a career choice should try ________.
the TAT
a Rorschach test
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The most commonly used personality inventory is the ________.
MMPI–2
MBTI
TAT
CPI
MMPI–2
According to Carl Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behaviors occur when ________.
a person has low self-esteem
there is matching between the real self and ideal self
there is a mismatch between the real self and ideal self
the individual receives too much unconditional positive regard
there is a mismatch between the real self and ideal self
Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure ________.
extraversion
agreeableness
conscientiousness
openness
openness
What is one criticism of projective tests?
They are inappropriate for use with children.
They are too simple in their administration and scoring.
They have low validity and reliability.
They fail to take into account differences in the testing environments.
They have low validity and reliability.
Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists rely primarily on ________.
projective tests
direct observation
detailed analysis of dreams
interviews
direct observation
A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations, and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality, is likely suffering from
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
passive-aggressive personality
schizophrenia
An irrational, persistent fear is called
A phobia
An obsession
Mania
A compulsion
A phobia
Delusions are ___________.
hallucinations
catatonias
false beliefs
maladaptive true beliefs
false beliefs
An obsession is an thought while a compulsion is a _________________.
false belief
stimulus
behavior
personality disorder
behavior
David, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. He is most likely suffering from:
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Delusions of ________ are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way.
persecution
grandeur
reference
influence
persecution
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________.
low levels of thyroxine
low levels of sunlight
high levels of thyroxine
high levels of sunlight
low levels of sunlight
During his college years, Jacob often experienced episodes of intense fear accompanied by the physical sensations of a heart attack. Jacob might have experienced a ________ disorder while in college.
personality
mood
panic
eating
panic
According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ________.
repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
a set of learned responses
illogical thinking patterns
chemical imbalances and brain damage
illogical thinking patterns
A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ________ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
delusional
post-traumatic stress
passive-aggressive
obsessive-compulsive
George is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviors, he is likely to experience ________.
severe depression
severe anxiety
amnesia
hypochondriasis
severe anxiety
Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ________.
mood disorders
dissociative neurosis
anxiety disorders
amnesia
anxiety disorders
________ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
The Physician's Desk Reference
The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
The Textbook of Physiological Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Antisocial, paranoid, and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders.
mood
dissociative
personality
anxiety
personality
A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from ________.
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
a dissociative disorder
passive-aggressive personality
schizophrenia
An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called ________.
agoraphobia
a social phobia
a specific phobia
an interactive phobia
a specific phobia
Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life, is called ________.
a psychological disorder
humors
stress syndrome
adaptive behavior
a psychological disorder
A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month, is called ________.
acute stress disorder
external locus of control
catastrophic stress
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Linda is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the BEST explanation of Linda's fear?
cognitive
behavioral
sociocultural
psychoanalytic
behavioral
Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called ________.
paraphilias
anxiety disorders
somatoform disorders
dissociative disorders
dissociative disorders
Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n) ________.
phobia
delusion
alogia
hallucination
delusion
People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.
personality
somatoform
affective
schizophrenic
personality
False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ________.
delusions
hallucinations
obsessions
compulsions
hallucinations
Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?
behavior that is rare
behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
behavior that does not create distress
behavior that is adaptive
behavior that is rare
Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ________ disorders.
conversion
somatoform
mood
dissociative
mood
An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting is called ________.
anorexia nervosa
bulimia
hormone under secretion
leptin reduction
bulimia
Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a(n) ________.
mania
obsession
compulsion
phobia
phobia
DSM stands for:
Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.
Deviance and Sadism Manual.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
Developmental Sickness Model.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ________ personality.
stressed
Type B
Type C
hardy
hardy
People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon?
The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.
The stress response in the long run leads to a lowering of the heart rate, which makes the heart inefficient.
The stress response makes muscles stronger, which places a greater burden on the heart and respiratory systems.
The body tends to adapt to the constant call for the stress response and, thus, future responses are not as strong as before.
The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.
A person who thrives on stress but lacks the anger and hostility typical of some others who have the Type A personality is said to have a ________ personality.
Type C
Type B
hardy
optimistic
hardy
Research has consistently shown that having a good ________ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.
friendship
camaraderie
therapist
social support system
social support system
People who respond to life events with a laid back, relaxed, easygoing attitude, and are slow to anger are said to have a ________ personality.
Type A
Type S
Type B
Type C
Type B
________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.
Stress
Burnout
Dysphoria
Distress
Stress
When looking at a glass that is neither completely full nor completely empty, a(n) ________ might say "that glass is half full," while a(n) ________ might say "no, that glass is half empty!"
pessimist; optimist
realist; pessimist
optimist; realist
optimist; pessimist
optimist; pessimist
Sasha is experiencing stress in her workplace that is causing her to feel dissatisfied and pessimistic. As a result, she has a desire to quit her job. Sasha is experiencing ________.
road rage
eustress
poverty-related stress
burnout
burnout
A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ________ personality.
Type A
Type S
Type B
Type C
Type A
Since Melinda is attempting to make a difficult choice as whether or not to file for divorce, she is probably experiencing ________.
learned helplessness
conflict
burnout
little perceived control
conflict
Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. He has encouraged him to get good grades, graduate college earlier than his peers, and work as hard as he can. Jacob does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Jacob is responding to ________.
anxiety
pressure
overload
cognitive dissonance
pressure
Stress has been shown to put people at a higher risk for ________.
unplanned pregnancy
heart attack and stroke
promotions at work
schizophrenia
heart attack and stroke
Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and ________.
colds and headaches
cancer and heart disease
hypertension and obesity
heart disease and schizophrenia
colds and headaches
Coping strategies can be either ________-focused or ________-focused in nature.
problem; emotion
distress; eustress
physiologically; spiritually
internally; externally
problem; emotion
The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________.
mental illness
coronary heart disease
cancer
respiratory illnesses
coronary heart disease
The ________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life resulting from major life changes.
University Students Stress Assessment (USSA)
College Students New Experiences Assessment Scale (CSNEAS)
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)
College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)
Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint. This is an example of ________.
problem-focused coping
emotion-focused coping
avoidance
reappraisal
emotion-focused coping
Which of the following traits is associated with people who live to be very old?
aggressiveness
being easygoing
inflexibility
tenseness
being easygoing
Professor Willoughby assigns his class a term paper that is to make up 30% of their final grade. The students are given clear guidelines about what is expected in this assignment and are given two months to complete the assignment. Because students know that this paper is important, but not the only thing upon which their grades will be based, this assignment would be likely to cause ________.
frustration
distress
aggression
eustress
eustress
________ people typically do not live as long as the average life expectancy.
Aggressive
Easygoing
Cheerful
Active
Aggressive
The ________ control one has, the ________ the degree of stress.
more; greater
less; greater
less; lower
Control has nothing to do with stress.
less; greater
An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________.
anxiety
pressure
overload
cognitive dissonance
pressure
Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?
divorce
marriage
death of a spouse
damage to the home
death of a spouse
Hachi is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8 a.m. tomorrow. The deadline is an example of a ________.
stress
stressor
stress response
stress reaction
stressor
________ refers to the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.
Acute stress
Eustress
Distress
Catastrophic stress
Distress
Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease?
hostility
compulsiveness
competitiveness
chronic irritability
hostility
Working a second job to pay off credit cards is an example of ________.
problem-focused coping
emotion-focused coping
distraction
reappraisal
problem-focused coping
An events that causes some sort of stress reaction is referred to as ________.
a hassle
a catastrophe
eustress
a stressor
a stressor