Chapter 12 PPT (The Cell Cycle) Flashcards

Overview : The Key Roles of Cell Division

Always produce____

Overview : The Key Roles of Cell Division

Go with Cell Theory saying that all cells come from _____

The Key Role of Cell Division is the ______ of __________.

The continuity of life is based upon the _____ of cells, or ______

Asexual reproduction has almost no ____

Unicellular organisms reproduce by

Unicellular Organisms use ______ for reproduction of ______ from_____

multi=

Multicellular Organisms depend on cell division for what 3 things

Uni=

Multicellular organisms uses

The cell division process is an _____ of the cell cycle

life of the cell from the time it's first formed from a _____ until its ____into ____ cells.

The cell division process cell _____ -> cell ______

The life cycle of cell is the cell till it ______

Most cell division will produce genetically identical _______ cells

Meiosis exception:

_________ cells

Cells duplicate their genetic material regardless if ____ or _____

Before they divide, ensuring that each ____ cell receives an exact copy of the _____, ______

"mitosis" is the type of cell division, keeping the # of chromosomes ______.

In mitosis the normal human # of chromosomes are ____ and the normal # of pairs are ______

" Meiosis" is the type of cell division that reduces the # of chromosomes in ______

What happens before meiosis or mitosis?

What is the similarity between chromatin vs. chromosomes

What is the difference between chromatin vs. chromosomes

Chromatin during cell cycle where cell is ______ dividing

Chromosomes where cell ____ dividing

What is all of the genetic material in a cell known as

Genetic material on chromosomes make them ______

Somatic cells are equal to the complete number of ____

Mitosis is responsible for

meiosis is responsible

The DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into ______

What does human somatic cells entail

Human somatic cells each contain ____ chromosomes

Human somatic cells each have 1 set inherited from each _____

Reproductive cells or gametes are also known as

Each reproductive cell or gametes contain ____ the # of chromosomes

Reproductive cells or gametes contain 1 set of _____ chromosomes

Is chromatin thin or thick

Is chromosomes thin or thick

Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of

Chromatin is a complex of _____ DNA molecule, that carries _____ of genes on it.

What does DNA code for

Genes are units that ____ an organisms ____ traits

______ proteins maintain the structure of the ______ and help control the activity of the _____

Right before replication, each chromosome will be the structure of a ______, _______

In preparation for cell division ____ is replicated and the chromosomes _____ they become ______, making them______

Each duplicated chromosome has ____ sister chromatids, which separate during _______

Each chromatid is __________to the other

The chromatids are held together in the "middle" by a ______ and ______

What are cohesins

The centromere is a

Eukaryotic cell division consists of what 3 things

What is the division of the nucleus known as

What is the division of the cytosol known as

In mitosis : the division of the nucleus to form ___, _______, daughter cells to each other and the parent cell

In meiosis what are produced

In meiosis sex cells are produced only with

Where does meiosis occur

What are the gonads

What are ovaries the production of

What are testes the production of

_________, fuses ____, gametes together and restores the chromosome number to ___

The cell cycle consists of what two phases

Mitosis in the cell cycle is the ______ part

mitosis in the cell cycle consists of what 2 things

Interphase accounts for _____% of time within the cell cycle

Interphase accounts for when the cell _____, and _____ to chromosomes

Interphase can be divided into

What are interphases 3 subphases called

The G1 phase is known as

In the G1 phase, the cell _____ and produces ______ & _______

The G1 phase goes through_______ processes

Depending on the cell how many hours does the G1 phase take

The S phase is known as

The S phase is committed to ______

Why is the S phase committed to cell division

The S phase takes how many hours?

The G2 phase is known as

The G2 phase is where ____________ for cell division happens

In the G2 phase the cell enters the ______ stage

The G2 phase takes how many hours

How many hours does the mitotic phase take

How many stages are there in mitosis

What are the 5 stages of mitosis

What happens after the 5 stages of mitosis occurs

In prophase ______ become ______

In prophase _________ starts to fragment

In prophase __________ start to appear

In prophase 1 centrosome is located at ____ pole and the 1 other centrosome is located at _____ pole

In prophase with the 2 centrosomes located at north and south pole they extend 1 _____ to the next

Asters come off of

Asters are also known as

The aster on the north pole and the aster of the south pole attach to the ______

What is the purpose of the aster on the north pole and the aster of the south pole attaching to the cell membrane

The kinetochore connects ________ to ______

In metaphase sister chromatids are found on their _____ spindle fiber

In metaphase the sister chromatids _________ at the very ________ of the cell

In metaphase the very middle of the cell is known as the

Metaphase is the _____ stage

Why is metaphase the longest stage

In anaphase ________ split

Anaphase is the ______ stage

In anaphase chromatids ______ toward the oposite poles causing the cell to ____

______ & _______ start at the same time in mitosis

In telophase ____________ start to form

In telophase ______ arises with _______

In telophase _______ become less condensed

microtubules are known to used in

The mitotic spindle is an ________ of microtubules and associated ______

The mitotic spindle controls __________ movement during mitosis

The spindle arises from the

Centrosomes are ____________ that function throughout the cell cycle

The centrosomes purpose is to ________ the cell's ______

The centrosomes include _________ &_____________

In animals they contain a pair of _______ in the __________

Centrioles complete function is ___

why are centrioles complete function unknown

Kinetochore microtubules attach to the ________ of chromosomes

The Kinetochore microtubules move the _______ to the __________

The kinetochore is a structure of ___________associated with _________of ____________ at the ___________

In anaphase sister chromatids separate by _______ splitting the ______ that hold the chromatid together

In anaphase sister chromatids separate by enzymes splitting the cohesins that hold the chromatid together is known as

Separase move along the _______ toward the opposite ends of the cell

______ proteins bring in the _______ by the ________ mechanism

The pac-man mechanism is where you are having motor proteins at the kinetochores _________ the microtubules in direction of the ________ causing the _____ to move to opposite poles

The nonkinetochore microtubules ______ and __________ each other causing the ________ of the cell

In telophase genetically identical daughter nuclei form at _______ of the cell

In telophase the spindle _____

In animal cells cytokinesis occurs by a process known as

cleavage is the forming of a __________

In animal cells ________ and _________ contract creating the ________ until 2 _______ are formed

In animal cells the 2 daughter cells are formed near the old _________

In plant cells, during cytokinesis a _____ forms by ______ from the _____.

In plant cells, during cytokinesis a cell plates function is to carry to form a

Prokaryotes (bacteria) reproduce by a type of cell division called

Prokaryotes DNA consists of a _____ molecule w/ associated _____

In prokaryotes the______ chromosome begins to ______at ___ site

In prokaryotes the bacterial chromosome begins to replicate at a site called the origin of replication producing 2 origins

In prokaryotes when the bacterial chromosome begins to replicate at a site ( the origin of replication) it produces _____

In prokaryotes as replication continues, one ____moves to the ____ pole of the cell and the cell _____

In prokaryotes when replications complete, the _____ moves ___ and a new _____ is _____

In prokaryotes if it contains a cell wall replication is not complete until ________ are formed

In binary fission the_____chromosome _____

In binary fission the two ____ chromosomes actively move ____

Concept 12.3: The cell cycle is regulated by a __________system

The frequency of cell division varies with the

Skin cells and RBC divide

nerve cells and muscle cells _____ divide

The cell cycle differences result from ______ at the_____ level

Molecules present in the ______ control the progression to ____ and ____ phase

The Cell Cycle Control System is the______ events of the cell cycle

The events of the cell cycle are directed by a _________ system, w/ _____ like a ____ machine

The clock has ________ checkpoints where the cell cycle ______ until a _____ signal is received

The checkpoints ensure_________ have occurred before continuing

What are the three major checkpoints:

G1 checkpoint is also known as the

G1 checkpoint (restriction point) is the most _______

G1 checkpoint (restriction point) is most imp. because if it receives the go-ahead, it will finish cell division.
If not, it goes into G0 phase

In the G1 checkpoint (restriction point) if it does not receive a _______it goes into ____

The G0 phase is the ____ phase that __ cells and __ cells are in

In the G0 phase If a cell can______, it can be brought back into the ___ phase

Two types of regulatory protein molecules:

Kinases are enzymes that ________ or _______ other _______ by ________ them

Some kinases give the go-ahead signal @ ____ and ___ checkpoints

Many kinases are present in the _______ in an ______ form

for a kinase to be actived, they need a ______ to _____ to it

Cyclin is a

Cyclin occurs in

When cyclin is attached its called ________ or ______

Cdks rise and fall w/ changes in the ________ of its _______

MPF is known as

MPF (maturation-promoting factor) is a _______that triggers a cell’s passage past the _____ checkpoint into the ____ phase

At the G1 checkpoint, animal cells have @ least ______ that operate it

An example of an internal signal is

Some external signals are

growth factors are ____, _____ by certain cells that ______ other cells to _____

density-dependent inhibition, in which _____ cells stop _____

Most animal cells exhibit

Most animal cells exhibit anchorage dependence, meaning that they must be attached to a _____ in order to divide

Cancer cells do not respond normally to the

Cancer cells divide _______ and _______ other tissues

Cancer cells don’t respond to __________ ,______or when growth factors are ____

Cancer cells may not need growth factors to ____ and _____

Cancer cells may make their_______

Cancer cells may convey a _______ signal without the presence of the ______

Cancer cells may have an abnormal ______

Cancer cells can be _______

Transformation is the process that converts a ____ cell to a ____ cell
Usually body will attack it but if it doesn’t or the cancerous cell can’t be destroyed, it will produce more and become a tumor

Usually with the transformation process the body will ____ it

Usually with the transformation process the body will attack it but if it doesn’t or the cancerous cell can’t be destroyed, it will _______ and become a _____

A Tumor: is a mass of _____ within ____

If the abnormal cells stay in the original site, it is called a _____ tumor

Tumors can be removed by ______

Malignant tumor is where it become ___ and___the function or______ organs

If a person has a malignant tumor they ____

A tumor that is localized may be treated w/ ___

A tumor that is localized may be treated w/ radiation because the ____ in cancer cells once ____, _____ itself

________ known to treat tumors

Side effects due to effect on ____ cells

Malignant tumors invade _______ and can _______

Exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body where they may form______ tumors