Microbiology an Introduction: Microbiology Flashcards

is the study of microscopic organisms – a largely unseen world

are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Microbes in Our Lives ,few are

Microbes in Our Lives, they Decompose

Microbes in Our Lives, are producers in the ecosystem by

Microbes in Our Lives

Microbes in Our Lives,produce industrial chemicals such as

Microbes in Our Lives, produce fermented foods such as

Microbes in Our Lives, produce products used in manufacturing

There (3) classification of Microorganisms are

Ancestors of______were the first life on Earth

Oldest known fossils are of

stromatolites are how old

The first microbes, however, were only directly observed in

Organism Nomenclature was established by

Each organism has unique _________species name.

Organism Nomenclature is usually written in

After first use in documents, you can

Name often describes organism

1673-1723: Anton van Leeuwenhoek described live

1665: Robert Hooke reported that living things were composed of

1858: Rudolf Virchow said cells arise from

Cell theory: All living things are composed of

Spontaneous generation: The hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving

Biogenesis: The hypothesis that the living organisms arise from

Pasteurization is the application of a

1876: Robert Koch proved that a bacterium causes

Paul Erlich speculated about a

Treatment with chemicals is

Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infectious disease can be __________or antibiotics.

_____________are chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes.

1928: Alexander Fleming discovered the_______.

Fleming observed that_______fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S. aureus

_______Penicillin was tested clinically and mass produced

_______a new technique for biotechnology, enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes

___________infections are fatal in many insects but harmless to other animals, including humans, and to plants

The signs of interaction between atoms and molecules is called

Atoms are listed by their__________.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is the approximate_________.

There are___________ naturally occurring elements.

___________Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

In an Adam electrons are arranged in__________.

Electron shells are region corresponding to different______________.

Time it takes for one half of the atom in sample to decay

Atoms are mostly “empty” space – filled in by a cloud of

Valence electrons are located in the

Atoms with__________ shells can share or transfer valence electrons with certain other atoms

These interactions usually result in atoms staying close together, held by attractions called

__________are groups of atoms held together in a stable association

______are molecules containing more than one type of element

A ________ has characteristics different than those of its elements

Which bonds are stronger______ and _______.

Which bond is weaker _____ and ______.

Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called_____.

________form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

• In a ______________the atoms share the electron.

_________is an atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

In a, _______one atom is more electronegative,

______are attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges

involve the making or breaking of bonds between atoms

A change in ________occurs during a chemical reaction.

____________reactions absorb energy,

_________reactions release energy

Occur when atoms, ions, or molecules combine
to form new, larger molecules.

is the synthesis of molecules in a cell

Occur when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or atoms

is the decomposition reactions in a cell

• Are part synthesis and part decomposition

What type of reaction?

What type of reaction?

What type of reaction?

• Can readily go in either direction
• Each direction may need special conditions

What type of reaction?

In a ,_____ one atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally

_____is an excellent solvent

Substance that resists changes in pH

Act by

–Releasing hydrogen ions when a base is added

–Absorbing hydrogen ions when acid is added

Overall effect of keeping [H+] relatively constant

Most _______ consist of a pair of molecules, one an acid and one a base

Life molecules are mostly made up of_____