exam 3 metabolism Flashcards

The majority of the food we ingest is ultimately used to synthesize _________?

A(n) ______ nutrient is one that the body cannot synthesize rapidly enough to be useful?

A triglyceride consists of three fatty acids and….?

During glycolysis a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of?

Name 3 monosaccharide?

Which nutrient provides energy for cells with modest energy demands and for skeletal muscle when energy demands are low?

Name a disaccharide?

The function of the citric acid cycle is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to?

Name two polysaccharide used for energy?

Lipoproteins, containing triglycerides manufactured in the liver, are transported to peripheral tissues and are called?

Why gender affects MBR?

The major metabolic function for most vitamins is that they assist enzymes by serving as _________?

What is the true function of molecular oxygen acquired by the lungs?

The TCA cycle must turn ________ times to completely metabolize the pyruvic acid produced from one glucose molecule?

Predict what would happen to ATP production if a virus pierced holes in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Which of the following processes may occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions:

• glycolysis, Krebs cycle, TCA, citric acid cycle, electron transport system, intermediate or transition step?

Which of the following nutrient(s) can enter the Krebs cycle: glucose, amino acid, pyruvic acid?

What happens to the carbon molecules in the pyruvic acid that goes through the TCA cycle?

Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in the cytosol generate as many ATP as the electrons carried by NADH in the mitochondrial matrix?

The transition step links glycolysis to the….?

The process whereby excess glucose is stored in cells is called ______?

Which is the healthiest ratio: high HDL: low LDL or high LDL: low HDL?

The process of converting excess glucose to glycogen is called?

_____________ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas ___________ happens in the mitochondrion?

Excess glucose that is not used for immediate energy is converted to glycogen via a process called?

____________ is a product of glycolysis?

Glucose molecules are combined to form glycogen in a process called?

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is the….?

The function of the citric acid cycle is to remove ………….atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes?

Insulin promotes formation of glycogen by a process called?

Glucose in excess of the body's immediate needs is usually converted to glycogen by the process of?

Explain why beta-oxidation yield more energy than complete metabolism of glucose?

Pyruvic acid is the product of ____________?

Glucose in excess of the body's immediate needs is usually converted to?

For a marathon runner, what benefit is there to eating a diet of 75% carbohydrates and reducing the workout for 3 to 4 days before competition?

Minerals are organic or inorganic molecules/elements?

Vitamins are organic or inorganic compounds?

Beta-oxidation occurs in the?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor during the …..?

Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from forming in the body?

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called?

Which of the following molecules is produced in the process of detoxifying harmful ammonia?

Cells of the ______ system most require continuous glucose?

What is the primary process by which insulin is released after ingesting a meal?

Beta-oxidation requires, coenzyme A (CoA), FAD and ____?

In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases net energy to form how many molecules of ATP?

Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another?

The basal metabolic rate can most effectively be defined as the __________?

The general term used to describe the anabolic and catabolic reactions in a cell is?

Which of the following nutrient used almost exclusively for ATP production: amino acid, fatty acid, glucose?

Which of the following nutrient form enzyme and some hormones: amino acid, fatty acid, glucose?

Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

Pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes. They are?

Beta-oxidation requires, NAD, FAD and ____?

Name two essential fatty acids?

Which of the following is a lipid that is not used for energy: Triglyceride, Fatty acid, Cholesterol, Saturated fat?

What is lipogenesis?

Lipogenesis generally begins with?

The primary function of cellular respiration is to?

The end product of glycolysis is?

Lipoproteins, carrying mostly cholesterol and phospholipids from the liver to the peripheral tissues are called?

Which lipids are routinely used for energy?

Lipid is synthesized from Acetyl CoA via…….process?

Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol to the liver for degradation?

The TCA cycle begins with the formation of a molecule of?

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is transferred to a_____?

A triglyceride consists of?

What is the primary role of the TCA cycle in the production of ATP?

The process of deamination produces?

Which is the healthiest ratio? high chylomicron: low LDL or high HDL: low LDL or high LDL: low chylomicron?

A triglyceride consists of glycerol and ….?

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during which processes of metabolism?

During lipolysis triglycerides are broken down into _______ and _________?

Urea is formed in the?

Ammonia is byproduct of -------metabolism?

Water is produced during which processes of metabolism?

What is the electron transport system’s role in the generation of ATP?

The most abundant nitrogenous waste in blood is urea, which is produced by the combination of ammonia with …..?

Lipoproteins, carrying mostly cholesterol and phospholipids from peripheral tissues to the liver, are called?

Beta-oxidation requires coenzyme A, NAD, and ____?

How does a decrease in the level of cytoplasmic NAD affect ATP production in mitochondria? Why?

NADH produced by glycolysis in skeletal muscle fibers leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP molecules. Why?

Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid are examples of ______ fatty acids?

Ammonia is a toxic substance that is converted to……by the liver?

Why is oxidative phosphorylation the most important mechanism for generating ATP?

Why are proteins an impractical source of quick energy, a “last ditch” source of energy?

Why does a diet that is deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) affect protein metabolism?

Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered beneficial?

Beta-oxidation is the process that breaks down fatty acids into two-carbon fragments that can be metabolized by the?

The most abundant nitrogenous waste in blood is urea, which is produced by the combination of ammonia with …..?

Why are LDLs considered “bad cholesterol”?

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called?

Why cells synthesize new organic components?

List macronutrients and their subunits?

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids

Lipoproteins, containing triglycerides manufactured in the liver, are transported to peripheral tissues and are called?

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for?

beta-oxidation is the process that breaks down fatty acids into ________fragments that can be metabolized by the TCA cycle?

Cells must synthesize new organic compounds to?