Abrams' Clinical Drug Therapy: Pharmacology Final Flashcards

The trade or brand name is related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the manufacturer

The Harrison Narcotic Act prohibits fraudulent claims of drug effectiveness.

Prescriptions for Schedule II drugs cannot be refilled.

Controlled drugs are categorized according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for assuring that new drugs are safe and effective before approving the drugs and allowing them to be marketed.

Individual drugs that represent groups of drugs are called

Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their __________ characteristics.

Drugs may be given for local or __________ effects.

The goals of most pharmacoeconomic research is to identify __________ therapy regimens that provide the desired benefits at the least cost.

Phase __________ studies help to determine whether the potential benefits for the drug outweigh the risks.

Distribution is the method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransferred by the body.

Toxic concentrations may stem from a single large dose or repeated small doses.

Ingesting tyramine-containing foods with MAO inhibitors may produce severe hypertension.

Naloxone is used to relieve respiratory depression associated with morphine.

Hyperthyroidism slows metabolism, which shortens drug action and hastens elimination.

Activated __________ is considered the “universal” antedote.

___________ is the process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated.

Body weight affects drug action mainly in relation to __________.

During pregnancy drugs cross the __________ and may harm the fetus.

__________ are used in clinical drugs trials to compare the medication being tested with a “dummy” medication.

The fact that a physician wrote an erroneous order excuses the nurse from legal liability if he or she carries out that order

It is safer and quicker to utilize abbreviations for drug names and routes of administration.

Controlled-release tablets can be crushed or chewed for slow absorption.

An example of a transdermal formulation includes nitroglycerin.

The desired or ordered dose and the available or labeled dose must be in the same units of measurement.

Insulin syringes are calibrated to measure up to __________ units of insulin.

The term __________ refers to lumen size, with larger numbers indicating smaller lumen sizes.

Enteric-coated tablets and capsules are coated with a substance that is __________ in stomach acid.

The most commonly used system of measurement is the __________ system.

Milliequivalents express the __________ activity of a drug.

Thrombogenesis may be lifesaving when it occurs as a response to hemorrhage.

Heparin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Dosage of LMWHs should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment.

During heparin therapy, the aPTT should be maintained at approximately 3.0 times the control or baseline value.

Vitamin K (Mephyton) is the antidote to aspirin.

__________ is considered a second-line drug for patients who cannot take aspirin.

Thrombolytic agents stimulate conversion of plasminogen to __________.

Protamine sulfate is a(n) __________ for standard heparin and LMWHs.

Heparin is the anticoagulant of choice in acute __________ disorders.

___________ dosage is regulated according to the INR.

If the patient is postmenopausal, hormone replacement therapy can raise HDL and lower LDL.

Fasting is required for cholesterol testing.

Weight loss can decrease HDL and increase LDL.

Statins are potentially teratogenic medications (pregnancy category D).

Plasma concentration of lovastatin is increased in patients with severe renal impairment.

Blood lipids are transported in plasma by specific proteins called __________.

Statins inhibit an enzyme required for __________ synthesis of cholesterol.

Bile acid sequestrants are used mainly to reduce __________ cholesterol further in patients who are already taking a statin drug.

__________ is the most effective drug for increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol.

__________ are the most effective drugs for reducing serum triglyceride levels.

Immunizations with toxoids are permanent.

Immune serums are the biologic products used for active immunity.

Hyperimmune serums are available for varicella zoster (shingles).

MMR is not recommended in children with severe immunosuppression.

Vaccines and toxoids must be given after exposure to the pathogenic microorganism.

Products containing aluminum should be given __________.

Vaccines and toxoids are usually contraindicated during __________ illness.

Persons with asymptomatic HIV infection should receive __________ vaccines.

Because some vaccines are administered more than once, a child may receive more than 20 injections by __________ years of age.

Contracting __________ during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of birth defects in the newborn.