Blood volume during pregnancy
increases
Pregnant mothers taking high doses of iron supplements are potentially at risk for deficiencies of which of the following minerals because of nutrient interactions?
Zinc
Which of the following foods has the highest iron content to help meet the need for increased iron during pregnancy?
Liver
The increased need for vitamin A during pregnancy may be met by increased use of foods such as
carrots
Which of the following hormones is responsible for milk let-down during lactation?
Oxytocin
The World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend breastfeeding for at least
12 months
At birth, the reflexes an infant has are
rooting, sucking, and swallowing
Foods for infants should be prepared without added
sugar and salt
The phase that shows the most erratic growth is
childhood
During a check-up at the clinic, a child's growth is evaluated by using
growth charts
A good nutrient source of energy for children is
whole wheat crackers
In the growing years, the greatest need for calories is for
basal metabolic needs
An example of a food that provides building material for tissue growth is
cheese
An 8-lb 1-month old infant requires an approximate daily fluid requirement of___mL.
436
Compared with adults, infants and young children have more body fluid
outside of cells
An important function of calcium for the growing child is
bone and tooth development
An adequate source of iron for a breastfed infant at 6 months of age is
enriched rice cereal
Hypervitaminosis of vitamins A and D is most likely to occur because of
overuse of vitamin supplements
It is important for the infant ot develop a snese of
trust
A full-term infant is an infant born
at approximately 40 week's gestation
The most suitable first solid food for infants is
infant rice cereal
The ideal first food for newborns is
breastmilk
The first milk secreted by a new mother is called
colostrum
The approximate age for adding solid food to an infant's diet is___months.
6
Babies should not be put to sleep with a bottle of formula because
this could lead to early tooth decay
Cow's milk is not recommended for infants during the early months because it
has a high solute load and may cause gastointestinal bleeding
Young children should be offered
small portions so they can ask for more if hungry
Failure to thrive may be caused by
over-dilution of formula
Food intake may decrease after the first year of life and caloric need is not as great because
the growth rate slow down
During the school-age years, the rate of growth
is slow and irregular
The final growth spurt of childhood occurs
with the onset of puberty
The age range of 20 to 44 years is called___adulthood
young
Young adults are increasingly
independent
The focus of health care for milddle adults is turnign to
health promotion and reduction of disease
Chronic disease most often begins to appear during
middle adulthood
Biologic processes associated with aging may cause
an increased ratio of adipose to muscle tissue
Prescription and over-the-counter drugs can affect nutritional status because they
may affect appetite or absorption of nutrients
Energy requirements decrease as adults age because
the number of functioning body cells decreases with age
Each decade basal energy needs decrease
5% to 8%
If an older adult is losing weight, his or her caloric intake is
less than energy needs
Adults tend to have the longest life span if they
are slightly overweight
The percentage of energy intake that should be supplied as carbohydrate for older adults is
45% to 65%
The older adult's diet should include adequate carbohydrates
support normal brain function
It may be advisable for an older adult to take a vitamin or mineral supplement
if he or she has been ill
Two mierals that often are low in diets of the elderly are
calcium and iron
Physiologic problems of older adults include
decrease thirst and taste sensations
An older adult is most likely to have inadequate nutrient intake if he or she lives
alone
The Older American Act provides home-delivered meals for those who
are isolated
The Older Americans Act Title III provides
congregate and home-delivered meals
Congregate meals are most often served at a
senior citizens center
The congregate meal for seniors is
the noon meal
Factors that contribute to malnutrition is older adults include
loss of teeth or poorly fitting dentures
Protein needs of an older adult are influenced by the adequacy of ___intake
caloric
Dehydration is more common in older adults than in younger adults because
the thirst mechanism diminishes
Factors that influence the nutrition needs of young adults include
physical activity
Older adults may be encouraged not to restrict their fat intake because
some higher fat foods may provide needed kilocalories