Any tendon that crosses _________________ to either malleolus will atleast dorsiflex the foot
anterior
Any tendon that crosses posterior to either malleoulus wll at least ______ flex the foot
plantar
Any muscle that has the term ______ will at least invert the foot
tibialis
Any muscle that has the term fibularis will at least _____ the foot
evert
What fascia separates each compartment of leg muscles?
crural fascia
What are the compartments of the leg?
anterior, lateral, and posterior
What are the anterior leg muscles (in order of most suerpficial/medial to deepest/most lateral)
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius
O I A INN of tibialis anterior?
O lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I medial and inferior spaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
A dorsiflex the foot; invert the foot. supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.
Inn deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
Which nerve innervates all anterior leg muscles?
spinal cord levels?
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
O I A INN of extensor hallucis longus?
O middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux
A dorsiflex foot; extend hallux
INN deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
O I A INN of extensor digitorum longus?
O lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibular and interosseous membrane
I middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
A dorsiflex foot; extend digits 2-5
INN deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
O I A INN of fibularis tertius
O Inferior third of of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I dorsum of base of metatarsal 5
A dorsiflex foot; evert foot
INN deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
What are the lateral muscles of the leg?
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
What are the lateral muscles of the leg innervated by?
spinal cord levels?
superficial fibular nerve
L5-S2
What are the jobs of the lateral leg muscles?
plantar flex and evert the foot
O I A INN of fibularis longus?
O head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
I Base of metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
A evert foot/plantar flex foot; supports transverse arch of foot.
INN superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
O I A INN of fibularis brevis
O middle part of lateral surface of fibula
I dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of metatarsal 5
A evert foot/plantar flex foot
INN superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What are the superficial posterior leg muscles?
gastrocnemeus, soleus, and plantaris
What is the innervation of all superficial posterior leg muscles?
spinal cord levels
tibial n (S1-S2)
O I A INN of gastrocnemeus?
O lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
I posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A plantar flexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking, and flexes knee joint.
INN tibial n (S1,S2)
What action do all posterior superficial leg muscles at least perform?
plantar flex the foot
O I A INN of soleus
O posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia
I calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
A plantar flex foot. steadies leg on foot.
Inn tibial n (S1, S2)
O I A INN of plantaris?
O inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament.
I calcaneal tuberosity -- has its own tendon, does not use calcaneal tendon
A assists gastroc in plantarflexing foot. function is probably mainly proprioceptive
INN tibial n (s1, s2)
What are the deep posterior leg muscles?
popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
what innervates all deep posterior leg muscles?
spinal cord levels
tibial n
L4-S3
O I A INN of popliteus?
O lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus
I Posterior tibia,superficial to soleal line
A weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia on unplanted limb
INN tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
What should Tom Dick ANd Harry prompt?
tendon of Tibialis posterior, tendon of Digitorum longus, posterior tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, and tendon of flexor Hallucis longus
O I A INN of tibialis posterior?
O Posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane
I Tuberosity of Navicular, allcuneiforms, cuboid,metatarsals 2-4
A plantar flex foot and invert foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
INN tibial n (L4, L5)
O I A INN of flexor hallucis longus
O inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseus membrane
I Base of the distalphalanx of hallux
A flex big toe and plantar flex foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.
INN tibial n (s2, s3)
O I A INN of flexor digitorum longus
O medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to the fibula
I Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A plantar flex foot and flex digits 2-5; supports longitudinal arches of foot
INN tibial n (s2, S3)
What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis
What nerve innervates the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
deep fibular nerve
O I A INN of extensor hallucis brevis?
O Superior surface of anterior calcaneus
I Base of proximal phalanx of hallux
A extend hallux
INN deep fibular nerve
O I A INN of extensor digitorum brevis?
O Superior surface ofanterior calcaneous
I Extensor digitorum longus tendon of digits 2-4
A extend digits 2-4
I Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
What are the superficial muscles of the plantar surface of the foot?
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abudctor digiti minimi
O I A INN of abductor hallucis?
O medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
I Medial side of proximal phalanx of hallux
A abduct hallux and flexes hallux
INN medial plantar nerve (s2, S3)
O I A INN of flexor digitorum brevis?
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa
Sides of middle phalanges digits 2-5
flex digits 2-5
medial plantar nerve (s2,S3)
O I A INN of abductor digiti minimi?
plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa, and medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
Lateral side of proximalphalanx of digit 5
abduct digit 5
lateral plantar nerve
in general, a muscle that passes anterior to the hip joint will
flex the hip
in general, a muscle that passes posterior to the hip joint will
extend the hip
in general, a muscle that passes medial to the hip joint will
adduct the hip
in general, a muscle that passes lateral to the hip joint will
abduct the hip
in general, a muscle that passes anterior to the knee joint will
extend the leg
in general, a muscle that passes posterior the the knee joint will
flex the leg
O I A INN of quadratus plantae?
O medial surface of lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
I posterlateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
A assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
INN lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
O I A INN of lumbrical muscles
O tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
A flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
INN medial one: medial plantar nerve S2, S3
lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
O I A INN of flexor hallucis brevis
O plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I both sides of proximal phalanx of first digit
A flexes proximal phalanx of hallux
INN medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
O I A INN of adductor hallucis
O oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd - 5th metatarsalphalangeal joints
I tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
A adducts first digit; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot.
Inn deep branch of lateral plantar nerve ( S2, S3)
O I A INN of flexor digiti minimi brevis
O base of 5th metatarsal
I base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit thereby assisting with its flexion
Inn superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
O I A INN of dorsal interosseous muscles (four muscles)
O adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
I first: medial side of proximal phalanx of second digit
second - fourth: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digit
A abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Inn lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
O I A INN of plantar interossei mm (three muscles)
O bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
I medials sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd - 5th digits
A adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsaphalangeal joints
Inn lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)