Microbiology an Introduction: Microbiology exam 4 Flashcards

One of the partners is inhibited, while the other is not affected in any significant way.

One of the organisms benefits, and the other is unaffected.

Benefits both organisms.

Between two organisms of unlike species in which one of them acts as predator that captures and feeds on the other organism that serves as the prey

One organism gains and tho other is harmed.

Permanently colonize the host

Colonize the host for days weeks or months

Competetive Exclusion

Compete for nutrients

Alter conditions such as pH, available oxygen

Produce harmful substances

Covers binding sites so pathogens can't bind

Addition of microbes to the diet in order to provide health benefits beyond basic nutritional value

Restore friendly bacteria in digestive tract

Aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients

Promote proper elimination of waste

Selectively stimulate bacteria of color and improve health of host

Colonization of the body by pathogens

Impairment of normal state of an organizm or any of it's components that hinders the performance of vital functions

Disease that is caused by microorganisms

Not transmitted from one host to another

Spread from one host to another

Easily spread from one host to another

Change in body function that is felt as a result of disease

change in body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

short duration

may develop long lasting immunity

result in productive infections

disease symptoms result from tissue damage and infection of new cells

viruses continually present in host

Integration of viral genome into host genome

decrease of antigenicity of virus

mutation to less virulent and slower reproducing form

latent

chronic

slow

infection is followed by a symptomless period.

Virus stops reproducing and remains dormant for some time, Symptoms antivirus -antibodies, and viruses are not detectable.

Infectious particles are again detected

symptoms may be different than originally

Infectious virus can be detected at all times

i.e. Hepatitis

No. may be absent or present or may develop late

i.e. Hepatitis

Infectious agent gradually increases in amount over a long period of time

no, during the increase they may not be apparent

i.e. retrovirus or prions

Sporadic

Outbreak

Endemic

Epidemic

Pandemic

Occurs occasionally in a population (irregular)

Sudden and unexpected occurrence of disease usually focal or in a limited segment of the population.

Constantly present in a population

Acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

Increase in disease occurrence within large population over wide region

Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time.

Fraction of a population having a specific disease at any given time.

Same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease

Pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture

pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy susceptible laboratory animal

pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism

Anthrax and Bacillus anthracis

organism cannot survive outside the host

False. some pathogens can cause several disease conditions

True. HIV

Location from which pathogen is transmitted to host

Site or natural environmental location in which pathogen is normally found - can also be the source

infected host

harbors pathogen for a short time

Harbors pathogen for long periods of time (months, years, life)

harbors pathogen, but is not yet ill

Has overt clinical case of disease

has recovered from disease, but continues to harbor large numbers of the pathogen

harbors pathogen, but is not ill

transmission from animal to human, can be direct or indirect

Organisms that spread disease from one host to another

Water

Air

Soil

Food

Contact

Airborne

Vehicle

Vector-borne

person to person or person to source or reservoir

Involves an intermediate such as tissues, bedding, utensils, ,etc. (fomite)

large particles that travel (>5 Micro meter travel < 1 meter)

droplet is suspended in air and travels > 1 meter

Can remain airborne for hours or days and travel long distances,

Vehicles are inanimate materials or objects involved in pathogen transmission, (water, food)

Passive carriage of pathogen on body of vector

No growth of pathogen during transmission

Carried within Vector

Pathogen does not undergo changes within vector

pathogen undergoes changes within vector

movement of pathogen to exit

Excretion in feces, urine, droplets, saliva or desquamated cells

Reduce or eliminate source or reservoir of infection

Break connection between source and susceptible individual

Reduce number of susceptible individuals

Acquired as a result of a hospital stay

5-15%

Normal microbiota