Sternocleidomastoid
Origin - Manubrium of Sternum, Medial clavicle
Insertion - Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action - Flexes & Laterally rotates head
Scalenes - Anterior, middle & posterior
Origin - Transverse proccesses of cervical vertebrae
Insertion - Anterior surface of ribs 1 - 2
Action - Elevates ribs 1-2, Flexes & rotates neck
Pectoralis Minor
Origin - Ribs 3 - 5
Insertion - Coracoid process of scapula
Action - Depresses scapula
Serratus anterior
Origin - Ribs 1 - 8
Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula
Action - laterally rotates scapula
External Oblique
Origin - Ribs 5 - 12
Insertion - Linea alba, Pubic crest, Public tubercle, iliac crest
Action - Flexes vertebral column, compressess abdominal wall
Internal oblique
Origin - Lumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion - Linea alba, Pubic crest
Action - Flexes vertebral column, compressess abdominal wall
Rectus abdominis
Origin - Pubic crest, Public symphysis
Insertion - Xiphoid process, ribs 5 -7
Action - Flexes lumbar region, rotates lumbar region
Trapezius
Origin - Occipital bone, Spinous processes of C7 - T12
Insertion - Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, Spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula
Action - Elevates, depresses, rotates & adducts scapula
Deltoid - anterior, middle & posterior
Origin - Anterior - Lateral third of clavicle, Middle - Acromion process of scapula, Posterior - Spine of scapula
Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action - Anterior - Flexes shoulder, Middle - Abducts shoulder, Posterior - Extends shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin - Spinous processes of T7-T12, Ribs 9-12, Iliac crest, Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion - Bicipital groove of humerus
Action - Extends shoulder
Pectoralis Major
Origin - Sternal end of clavicle, Ribs 1-6
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Action - Flexes shoulder
Levator Scapulae
Origin - Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula
Action - Elevates scapula
Rhomboid Minor
Origin - Spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula
Action - Retracts scapula
Rhomboid Major
Origin - Spinous processes of T2-T5
Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula
Action - Retracts scapula
Supraspinatus
Origin - Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Action - Abducts arm
Infraspinatus
Origin - Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Action - Extends arm
Teres Minor
Origin - Lateral border of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Action - Lateral rotates arm
Teres Major
Origin - Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action - Extends shoulder, adducts & medially rotates arm
Subscapularis
Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action - Medially rotates arm
Biceps Brachii - Long & Short head
Origin - Long Head - Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, Short Head - Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion - Radial tuberosity of radius
Action - Extends shoulder, Flexes & Supinates forearm
Brachialis
Origin - Anterior humerus
Insertion - Coromoid process of ulna
Action - Flexes forearm
Coracobrachialis
Origin - Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion - Medial humerus
Action - Flexes & Adducts arm
Triceps Brachii - Long, Medial & Lateral Head
Origin - Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, Lateral head - Posterior humerus, Medial head - Posterior humerus
Insertion - Olecranon process of ulna
Action - Extends forearm
Pronator Teres
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Lateral radius
Action - Pronates forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
Action - Flexes & Abducts hand/wrist
Palmaris Longus
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Palmar aponeurosis
Action - Flexes hand at wrist
Flexors Carpi Ulnaris
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process of ulna, shaft of ulna
Insertion - Pisiform, Hamate, 5th metacarpal
Action - Flexes & Adducts hand/wrist
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius
Insertion - Middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit
Action - Flexes hand/wrist
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin - Ulna
Insertion - Distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit
Action - Flexes hand/wrist
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin - Anterior radius
Insertion - Distal phalanx of thumb
Action - Flexes 1st interphalangeal joint
Pronator Quadratus
Origin - Distal & anterior ulnar shaft
Insertion - Distal & anterior radial shaft
Action - Pronates forearm
Brachioradialis
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion - Styloid process of radius
Action - Flexes forearm & stabilizes elbow
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion - 2nd metacarpal
Action - Extends & Abducts hand/wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - 3rd metacarpal
Action - Extends & Abducts hand/wrist
Extensor Digitorum
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit
Action - Extends hand/wrist
Iliopsoas
Origin - Iliac fossa, Ala of sacrum, Transverse processes of T12-L5
Insertion - Lesser trochanter of femur
Action - Flexes thigh & vertebral column
Sartorius
Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - Medial tibia
Action - Flexes & laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee
Rectus Femoris
Origin - Anterior Inferior iliac spine
Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris & patellar ligament
Action - Extends leg at knee, Flexes thigh at hip
Vastus Lateralis
Origin - Greater trochanter of femur, Linea alba of femur
Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris & patellar ligament
Action - Extends leg at knee, stabilizes knee
Vastus Medialis
Origin - Linea alba of femur
Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris & patellar ligament
Action - Extends leg at knee, stabilizes patella
Vastus Intermedius
Origin - Shaft of femur
Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris & patellar ligament
Action - Extends leg at knee
Pectineus
Origin - Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Action - Adducts thigh, flexes thigh at hip, medially rotates thigh
Tensor Fascia Latae
Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest
Insertion - Medial surface of tibia
Action - Flexes thigh at hip, Abducts & medially rotates thigh
Gracilis
Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis, body of pubis
Insertion - Medial surface of tibia
Action - Adducts thigh, Flexes leg at knee, medially rotates leg
Adductor Longus
Origin - Pubis - near pubic symphysis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Action - Adducts & medially rotates thigh, Flexes thigh at hip
Adductor Brevis
Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis, body of pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Action - Adducts & medially rotates thigh
Adductor Magnus
Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis, Ischial ramus, Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Action - Adducts & laterally rotates thigh, Flexes thigh at hip
Gluteus Maximus
Origin - Posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion - Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action - Extends thigh at hip, Laterally rotates & abducts thigh
Gluteus Medius
Origin - Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
Action - Abducts & medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Minimis
Origin - Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
Action - Abducts & medially rotates thigh
Biceps Femoris - Long & Short Head
Origin - Long Head - Ischial tuberosity, Short Head - Linea aspera
Insertion - Head of fibula, Lateral condyle of tibia
Action - Extends thigh at hip, Flexes leg at knee, Laterally rotates leg
Semitendinosus
Origin - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Medial tibia
Action - Extends thigh at hip, Flexes leg at knee, Medially rotates leg
Semimembranosus
Origin - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Medial condyle of tibia
Action - Extends thigh at hip, Flexes leg at knee, Medially rotates leg
Piriformis
Origin - Lateral surface of sacrum
Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
Action - Laterally rotates thigh when hip is extended
Quadratus Femoris
Origin - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Action - Laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes hip
Tibialis anterior
Origin - Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion - Medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Action - Dorsiflexes foot at ankle, Inverts foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin - Anterior fibula
Insertion - Distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Action - Dorsiflexes foot at ankle, Extends 1st interphalangeal joint
Fibularis
Origin - Anterior fibula, head of fibula, distal fibula
Insertion - 5th metatarsal, Medial cuneiform, 1st metatersal
Action - Dorsiflexes foot at ankle, Plantar flexes foot at ankle, everts foot
Gastrocnemius
Origin - Lateral condyle of femur, Medial condyle of femur
Insertion - Calcaneus
Action - Planter flexes foot at ankle
Soleus
Origin - Proximal tibia, Proximal fibula
Insertion - Calcaneus
Action - Planter flexes foot at ankle
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin - Posterior tibia
Insertion - Distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits
Action - Planter flexes foot at ankle, Flexes 2nd - 5th distal interphalangeal joints
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin - Middle shaft of fibula
Insertion - Distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Action - Planter flexes foot at ankle, Inverts foot, Flexes all joints of hallux
Tibialis Posterior
Origin - Proximal tibia, Proximal fibula
Insertion - Navicular bone, 2nd to 4th metatarsals
Action - Planter flexes foot at ankle, Inverts foot
Iliocostalis - Cervicis, Thoracis, Lumborum
Origin - Iliac crest, Ribs 3-12
Insertion - Inferior border of ribs, Transverse processes of C4-C6
Action - Extends & Laterally flexes vertebral column
Longissimus - Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis
Origin - Transverse processes of C4-L5
Insertion - Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action - Extends & Laterally flexes vertebral column
Spinalis - Cervicis, Thoracis
Origin - Spinous processes of T7-L3
Insertion - Spinous processes of C4-T6
Action - Extends vertebral column
Splenius Capitis
Origin - Spinous processes of C6-T7
Insertion - Mastoid process of temporal bone, Occipital bone
Action - Extends or hyper-extends vertebral column
Semispinalis capitis
Origin - Transverse processes of C7-T12
Insertion - Occipital bone
Action - Extends vertebral column
The Brain
- Cerebrum - Lobes
- Thalamus
- Cerebellum
- Lobes - Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital & Insula
- Cerebellum - Arbour vitae (tree of life)
- The Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
The Eye
- Cornea > Pupil > Iris > Lens > Retina > Choriod > Sclera
The Ear
- External - Pinna > External auditory canal > Tympanic membrane
- Middle - Malleus > Incus > Stapes
- Inner - Semi circular canal > Cochlea