Ch. 18 The Endocrine System Test Bank Questions Flashcards

When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called?

These hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream?

These are lipids soluble hormones derived from cholesterol

Which of the following is a major eicosanoid?

What is a major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble hormone?

When one hormone opposing the action of another hormone it is called?

Which of the following is not a way a hormone secretion is regulated?

What controls the anterior pituitary gland?

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production?

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates Cortisol production?

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production?

The pars distalis and the pars tuberalis comprise of?

How many hormones do the five types of anterior pituitary cells secrete?

Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes human growth hormone?

Which hormones does the posterior pituitary produce?

The amount of ADH that is secreted varies with?

Which if the following hormones opposes the actions of the parathyroid hormone?

Which of the following is NOT a means of synthesizing and secreting T3 and T4?

Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the house?

Complete loss of the Aldosterone will lead to death due to?

Which of the following is NOT a glucocorticoid effect?

Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cell?

Which hormone promotes metabolic rate?

Which hormone is stimulate by decreases in blood glucose?

Which of the below hormones is part of the body's long term response to stress?

The responses of the body to long term stress does NOT include which one of the following responses?

This is an amine hormone derived from seratonin

Endocrine structures

Hormones known as "Catecholamines" are?

Peptide hormones are?

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include?

Gap junctions

_______ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ______ when released into the bloodstream, but _______ when released at synapses.

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the _______ system in many ways?

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

Steroid hormones

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the?

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect?

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

When a G protein becomes activiated and causes an activation of enzymes?

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?

Cells can respond to ______ hormones at a times

An activates G protein can trigger?

All target cells?

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex?

The most complex endocrine responses that integrates the nervous and endocrine system

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?

Regulatory factors that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the _______ of the hypothalamus

Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

The hypophyseal portal system

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a _______ organ?

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex?

The hormone oxytocin

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

The primary function of ADH is to

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

TSH plays a key role in the _______ of thyroid hormones

If the median eminence of the hypothalamus is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?

The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is

Which of the following is NOT and action of TSH

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

The testes produce

The ovaries secrete ______ when stimulated by FSH

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.

Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin?

Which of the following cooperate to prepare the mammary glands for milk secretion?

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

Thyroid hormone contains the element

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting the body temperature is ?

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

Increased levels of the hormone ______ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except that it doent

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

The zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex produces

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

The adrenal medulla produces

A hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is?

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of?

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones?

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex would result in?

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, to grow extensive body hair, and to stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the?

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is?

When blood glucose levels fall....

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

The F cells of the pancreatic islets produce

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produce

The pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans)

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is ?

The targets for insulin is

Alpha cells are to ______ as beta cells are to _____

When blood glucose levels rise

Pinealocytes produce

Melatonin is produced by the

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by the human pars intermedia

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus

If a diabetes patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting?

When hormones interact they can produce any of the following kinds of effects except?

Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells?

Proper growth requires which of these hormones?

The kidneys secrete

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

Hormones can operate on the _____ level of organization.

In general, the effects of natriuretic peptides are ____ to those of the renin-angiotensin system

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to which of the following?

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaption syndrome (GAS) is

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ______ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the?

During the resistance phase of the general adaption syndrome (GAS)

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might that have on blood chemistry?

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

Too little secretion of cortisol causes

The condition known as goiter can result from too

Inadequate iodine in the diet may leas to

Cushing disease results from an excess of

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

Hormones may circulate freely or be bound to _______ proteins

The intracellular protein _____ binds calcium ions. This complex can than activate enzymes.

Receptors for ______, peptides hormones, and eicosanoids are found in the cell membranes of target cells.

Peripheral cells that respond to a hormone are called?

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the ?

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the ?

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called?

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the ?

The thyroid gland is composed of many ______ that produce and store thyroid hormone

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid?

The ______ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney?

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the ?

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the ?

The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones called?

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called?

Two hormones that have additive effects are called?

When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called?

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called?

The hormone that dominates the alarm phase of the stress response is

The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds is called the ?