Research Quiz #1 (Week 2) Flashcards

In a quantitative study, the people being studied are called:

In a qualitative study, the people cooperating in the study are called:

Researchers sometimes do this type of study, since it offers a larger & often more diverse sample of participants

An explanation of some aspect of reality

Studies are conceptualized in abstract terms; for example, pain, fatigue, and resilience are abstractions of human behavior. These abstractions are called:

An abstraction that is deliberately invented;

Refers to a slightly more complex abstraction than a concept

How does a "theory" fit into quantitative studies?

How does a "theory" fit into qualitative studies?

In quantitative studies, concepts are usually called:

Central building blocks in quantitative studies

Any quality of a person, group, or situation that varies or takes on different values

When studying a disease (e.g. lung cancer), the cause, or _____ variable, would be the something like smoking, whereas the presumed effect, or _____ variable, would be lung cancer

Variation in the dependent variable, or end-product, is dependent upon what?

Which variable is that which researchers want to understand, explain, or predict?

A conceptual definition, the abstract or theoretical meaning of a concept, has these 5 categories:

In qualitative studies, concepts are defined at what point?

In quantitative studies, concepts are defined at what point?

Describes what the researchers specifically must do to measure the concept & collect needed information

Information in numeric form;

*e.g. with depression, generating numbers on a scale from 1-10

Data collected is in narrative descriptions

When analyzing a variable such as weight, what type of relationship is being analyzed when, looking at caloric intake & weight, we deduce that eating more calories causes weight gain?

When a relationship between two variables cannot be classified as causal, it's sometimes referred to as an:

Distinction in quantitative studies:

In _____ research, researchers actively introduce an intervention or treatment - most often, to address therapy questions

Distinction in quantitative studies:

In _____ research, researchers are bystanders - they collect data without introducing treatments or making changes

Experimental or nonexperimental research?

An intervention is applied over the course of a study to alter an outcome

In medical & epidemiological research, experimental studies are called _____ _____ & nonexperimental studies are called _____ _____

Experimental studies are designed to test this type of relationship

3 traditions of qualitative research:

Seeks to describe & understand key social psychological processes that occur in a social setting

Major component is the discovery of a core variable to explain what's going on in that social scene

3 traditions of qualitative research:

Rooted in philosophy; concerned with lived experiences of humans

An approach to thinking about what life experiences of people are like & what they mean

3 traditions of qualitative research:

Primary research tradition in anthropology

Provides a framework for studying a defined cultural group

Extensive fieldwork

5 phases of a quantitative study

Many research articles follow this format

*Preceded by title & abstract, & concludes with references

Brief description of the study placed at the beginning of the article

Nursing Research suggests the following abstract headings:

This part of a research article describes the concepts of interest, the need for the study, & the study purpose

This part of a research article describes the way in which variables were measured & data was collected

This part of a research article describes the findings that were obtained, names of statistical tests (quantitative), and significance of those findings

Findings are probably true & replicable with a new sample

An index of how probable it is that the findings are reliable

This part of a research article describes the conclusions about the meaning of the findings, the limitations of the study, & how the results can be used in practice

A conclusion drawn from the study evidence using logical reasoning & taking into account the methods used to generate that evidence

Refers to the accuracy & consistency of information obtained in a study

Broadly concerns the soundness of the study; whether the methods are really measuring the concepts they state they're measuring

Quantitative researches assess the _____ _____ (reliability, validity) of a study, whereas qualitative researchers assess the _____ (credibility)

To establish credibility in a qualitative study, _____ (use of multiple sources to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth) is used

An influence that results in an error in an inference or estimate;

Can threaten a study's validity & trustworthiness

Bias that is haphazard & only affects small segments of data

Bias that is consistent or uniform

2 methods employed to reduce bias in a study

Concealing information from participants, data collectors, care providers, or data analysts to enhance objectivity

Qualitative process of reflecting critically on the self, & of analyzing & making note of personal values that could affect data collection & interpretation

Criterion used in quantitative studies to assess the extent to which the findings can be applied to other groups & settings

The extent to which qualitative findings can be transferred to other settings; another aspect of trustworthiness

The most important type of information for a research review

If you are preparing a literature review, you should rely mostly on _____ sources, which are descriptions of studies written by the researchers who conducted them

_____ source documents are descriptions of studies prepared by someone else

A literature review would be an example of this

When conducting a research review, having good search skills is imperative.

These 3 search strategies are often employed in a research review:

What are the keywords used to search for quantitative studies in a database?

What are the keywords used to search for qualitative studies in a database?

Feature that allows you to search for topics using your own keywords, instead of needing the exact subject heading for a database

Can be used to expand or restrict a search;

Adding "and" or "or" to a keyword search

*e.g. lung cancer AND smoking; lung cancer OR smoking

2 especially useful databases for nurses searching literature

The shortage of hospital nurses may be linked to what?

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, what 3 hospital characteristics were used as control variables?

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, what method was used to reduce bias when surveying nurses regarding burnout & job dissatisfaction?

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, what quantitative data was collected from surveyed nurses regarding burnout & job dissatisfaction?

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, identify the following:

- 2 nursing outcomes analyzed

- 2 patient outcomes analyzed

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, data analyses was considered statistically significant, meaning that the findings are:

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, what correlation was made between nurse burnout/job dissatisfaction & patient-to-nurse ratios?

In the staffing/burnout article for this week, the conclusion stated that when taken together, the impacts of RN staffing on patient & nurse outcomes suggest that by investing in RN staffing, hospitals may avoid these 2 critical issues: