Character
Heritable feature (eye color)
Trait
Varient for a character (brown)
Law of Segregation
During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring azure one factor from each parent
Testcross
Breeding of a recessive homozygote X dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype)
Law of Independent Assortment
When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual heredity factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits and equal opportunity of occurring together
Incomplete dominance
Appearance between phenotypes of the two parents
Codominance
Two alleles affect phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
Chromosomal Theory
Genes have specific loci on chromosomes and chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment
Chromosomal Linkage
What did Thomas Hut Morgan come up with?
Modes of heredity in pea plants
What did Mendel find?
Morgan
Who found Genes located on chromosomes
Griffith
Who discovered Bacterial work, transformation; change in phenotype and genotype due to assimilation of external substance (DNA) by a cell?
Avery
Who found out the the transformation agent was DNA?
Chargaff
Who found that the ratio of nucleotide bases?
Watson and Crick
Who found the double helix
Species
A population or group of populations whose membranes have the potential to intebreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
Evolution
The change over time of the genetic composition of population
Fossil Record
A record showing us that todays organisms descend from ancestral species
Artificail Selection
Artificial breeding can use variations in populations to create vastly different breeds and varieties
Microevolution
A change in the gene pool of a population over a succession of generations
Genetic Drift
Changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance (usually reduces genetic variability)
The Bottleneck Effect
Type of genetic drift resulting from reproduction in population such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
Founder Effect
cause of genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population
Gene Flow
Genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations
Polymorphism
Coexhistance of 2 or more distinct forms of individuals within the same populations
Geographical Variation
Differences in genetic structure between populations