Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function: Chapter 22 Respiratory Flashcards

Where does the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood occur?

The ____ division includes all of the passageways through which air flows from the nose to the terminal branches

The trachea, primary bronchi, and the alveolar sacs all belong to the

Identify the two terms that describe the anterior openings of the nasal cavity

The nasal _____ separates the nasal cavity into left and right halves

Identify three ways in which air is modified as it passes through the meatus in between two conchae

The ___ of the nasal cavity contains the sensory receptors for smell

The most superior portion of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity, extending to the soft palate is the

The separation between the path of air to the lungs and the passageway for food to the esophagus occurs within the

Besides keeping food out of the airway, the larynx is also responsible for generating

The _____ is an elastic cartilage structure, which functions to seal off the glottis during swallowing as the tongue pushes it downward toward the larynx

The larynx is located

The base of the long is located on its

The apex represents the ____ portion of the lung

The right lung has ___ lobes and ___ fissures

The human left lung has ____ lobes with ____ fissures between the lobes

How many primary bronchi serve the right lung?

Secondary bronchi channel the flow of air amongst the

___ bronchi supply air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lung

Most of the surface area for gas exchange within the respiratory system is found within the _____ of the lungs

Identify the components of a respiratory membrane

The _____ is a double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung

The ____ ____ is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura

____ fluid fills the pleural cavity around the lungs

Contraction of the diaphragm leads to

Decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity will result in

Describe the respiratory cycle

A person expelling air while yelling is performing ____ beathing

Inspiration occurs when the thoracic cage is enlarged due to

Identify the two locations that contain respiratory control centers

Central chemoreceptors in the brain stem that are involved in respiratory control respond directly to changes in

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are called ___ chemorepeptors

True or false: the respiratory control centers of the brainstem are involved in voluntary respiration

The inferior portion of the pharynx which extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus is the

The right lung has how many secondary bronchi

Gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs in the

What is the respiratory membrane?

The double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung is called the

When the diaphragm relaxes, air is forced from the lungs. This is known as

Identify the two principal muscles or muscle groups responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration

Identify the origin of voluntary stimuli for respiration

Place the following airways in order from the trachea to alveoli

Chronic ____ is characterized by a reduciton in the number of cilia lining the airway and increased mucus production

The ____ are responsible for generating sounds within the larynx

Identify the factors that contribute airflow to resistance

Inhalation of cigarette smoke often leads to ____ which is characterized by a loss of alveolar surface area

Alveolar gas exchange describes the exchange of gases across the

Pulmonary ____ describes the EASE at which the lungs expand during breathing

_____ refers to a shift in the pH of blood above 7.45

Identify features associated with the epithelium of the trachea

The structure that conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi is called the

A bluish color of the skin and mucous membrnes due to ischemia or hypoxemia is called ____

The volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation is the ___ volume

The enzyme found in erythrocytes that catalyze the formation of carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hyrdogen ions, is

The exchange of gases (O₂ and CO₂) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells is called

Which of these is true of pleural fluid?

____ is a general term for a drop in the pH of blood below 7.35

____ refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one cycle of quiet breathing

Insufficient oxygen reaching a tissue is called ______

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported through the blood in the form of

Identify the four predominant components of inspired air

In the hemoglobin molecule, oxygen binds to

The conducting zones of the respiratory system are referred to as the ____ because they are incapable of respiration

The lumen of the trachea is lined with epithelial cells that have _____, structures that move the abundant mucus upward toward the pharynx

Identify three of the structures that enter the lung at the hilum

Identify the role of the dorsal respiratory group

Identify the forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood

Identify the conditions that would make oxygen toxic to the body

The ____ respiratory group sets the basal respiratory rate which may then be adjusted by commands from the pontine and/or dorsal respiratory groups

The dense support-material that can be palpated at the tip of your nose is composed of

The chloride shift occurs during carbon dioxide loading and is accomplished when

The auditory tube (eustachian tube) and pharyngeal tonsil are associated with which portion of the pharynx

The ____ includes all of the regions of the airway incapable of gas exchange, including both conducting and respiratory zones

The _____ pressure refers to the slight vacuum that exists in between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes

Identify the principle synergistic muscles of resting respiration

When hemoglobin transports carbon dioxide it is called