Respiration
- Pulmonary ventilation (inhaling)
- External (when oxygen leaves air sacs of lungs and enters B.S.
- Transport of gases (Oxygen from lungs to tissue)
- Internal - (Oxygen diffuses from blood to tissues)
Paranasal Sinuses
located in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones
Vibrissae
noise hairs that filter
Right Lung
Made of of 3 lobes
Left Lung
made up of 2 lobes and Cardiac Notch
True Vocal chords
involved with making sound and appear white
False vocal chords
do not make sound
help close off glottis
Boyle's Law
relationship betwen pressure and volume of gas
volume (up) = pressure (down) and Volume (down)= Pressure (up)
Respiratory Bronchioles
start the respiratory zone
Aveoli
Make up aveolar sac
Mediastensum
Always middle of chest
Surfactant
Destroys or neutralizes surface tension
What do Lymphnodes do?
Filter lymph
White pulp
White blood cells
Red Pulp
Red blood cells
Fetus gets red blood cells from:
Spleen produces first red blood cells but now as adult it is produced by red bone marrow
Thymus gland
almost gone once into adulthood because immune system fully intact
Tonsils
Trap bacteria mechanically and does not filter lymph
Uvula
Part of the nasapharynx closes off nasal cavity when swallowing
Type I Aveoli
Simple Squamos
Type II Aveoli
Produce Surfactant
Visceral Pleura
Parietal
Atelactosis
Collapsed Lung
Pneumorthrax
Allowing Air in the pleural cavity which leads to collapsed lung
98% oxygen carried by?
Hemoglobulin
10% carbin dioxide
Carried dissolved gas
Oxygen Hemoglobulin
Formed in lungs
Oxygen hemoglobulin
breaks down into tissue
Thoracic Duct
Empties lymph inside of the Left subclavian vein
Right lymphatic Duct
Empties chime into the right subclavian vein
T Lymphocytes
Program B lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
become plasma cells & produce antibodies
What do lymph nodes do?
Filter lymph
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
Carry lymph Out (E)xit
Afferent Lymphatic vessels
Carry lymph In
Lymph nodes have 2 basic funtions
- filtration
- immune system activation
Metastassizeing
carrying Cancer from one place to the other (spreading throughout body)
Why men have deeper voice
Male hormones make vocal chords larger than women
Order of nasal cavity
behind nasal cavity
nasal pharynx behind mouth
oral pharynx
in throat and then your laryngopharynx
Very last tube that makes up conducting zone
Terminal bronchial tubes
what tubes makes up first part of respiratory zone
respiratory bronchial tubes
Difference between Type I and Type II Aveoli cells?
Type I make of the wall of the Aveoli - Simple squamos
Type II - produce surfactant (more complex)
what effect does surfactant have on water
Destroys the surface tension and causes it to fall away or separate
also keeps the membranes moist
Parietal Pleura
Bag that contains lung (between the visceral and the parietal you have the pleural cavity between them)
Visceral Pleura
Outermost membrane
Serous Membrane
Serous fluid
20% of carmninohemoglobin
...
drawings p 833
- Where is oxyhemoglobin formed?
- Where does oxyhemoglobin break down?
- Carbonimohemoglobin
3 questions
- Formed in lungs
- breaks down in tissues
- Formed in tissue and breaks down capillaries in lungs
Where did the bicarbonate iron shift into the red blood cells?
In the aveoli of the lungs
Where do bicarbonate ions shift in the red blood cells? p. 833
In the lungs
Bicarbinate ion shifts out of red blood cell the chloride ion will shift into the red blood cell to keep everything balanced. (If negative charge shifts out a negative charge has to shift in to balance your positive and negative charges.)
...
Ventral Respiratory Group
Sets basic rythym of breathing
Pontine Respiratory Group
Changes breathing a lot (i.e. exercise)
Dorsal Respiratory Group
Changes breathing a little bit (i.e. standing up/walking to bathroom)
Respiratory acidosis
Blocked breathing tube
Respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
LUNG DISEASES
- LUNG CANCER
- TUBERCULOSIS
- CYSTIC FIBROSIS
- COPD
- leading cause of death both men & women north america
- caused by bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis
- abnormal mucus clogs - most common lethal genetic disease
- hard to maintain adequate ventilation
2 MAJOR TYPES OF COPD (inability to force air out of lungs)
**major cause of disability and death in North America
- EMPHYSEMA (PINK PUFFERS)
- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS (BLUE BOATERS)
***CLINCIAL TERMS - BONUS QUESTIONS ***
EPISTAXIS
- NOSE BLEED
NASAL POLYPS
mushroom liked benign growths of the nasal mucosa cause by infections
**some are unknown - may block air flow
PNEUMONIA
INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATION OF LUNGS IN WHICH FLUID ACCUMULATES IN THE AVEOLI
**8TH MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN US
** MORE THAN 50 VARIETIES OF PNEUMONIA ARE VIRAL OR BACTERIA
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)
SUDDEN DEATH OF APPARENT HEALTHY INFANT DURING SLEEP
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
ANEURISM IN YOUR LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - CHEST PAIN, PRODUCTIVE BLOODY COUGH, TACHYCARDIA, RAPID SHALLOW BREATHING
CHEYNE-STOKES BREATHING
PERIODS WITH OUT BREATHING - ABOUT TO DIE
TRACHEOTOMY
SURGICAL OPENING OF THE TRACHEA
STUTTERING
PROBLEM WITH VOICE PRODUCTION WHICH FIRST SYLLABLE IS REPEATED