Brand Name: Claritin
Generic Name: loratadine
Brand Name: Benadryl
Generic Name: diphenhydramine
Brand Name: Zyrtec
Generic Name: cetirizine
Brand Name: Dramamine
Generic Name: dimenhydrinate
convulsion
refers to abnormal motor movements
stage IV anesthesia
medullary depression begins
stage I anesthesia
euphoria and amnesia
American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP)
provides resources for clinical pharmacists
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE)
national accrediting agency for pharmacy education programs
American Pharmacists Association (APhA)
the largest of all the pharmacy organizations
American Associations of College of Pharmacy (AACP)
represents all 87 pharmacy schools in the United States
Brand Name: Gastrisin
Generic Name: sulfisoxazole
Brand Name: Fuzeon
Generic Name: enfuvirtide
Brand Name: Omnipen
Generic Name: ampicillin
Brand Name: Trimox
Generic Name: amoxicillin
Brand Name: Adulfidine
Generic Name: sulfasalazine
Brand Name: Mycostatin
Generic Name: Nystatin
Enfuvirtide is classified as which of the following HIV anitviral agents?
fusion inhibitor (FI)
Which of the following drugs is NOT used for Parkinson's Disease?
fluoxetine (Prozac)
Specialties in the profession of pharmacy include
drug information
The amount of medical knowledge gained is said to double every
5 years
A certified pharmacy technician (CPhT) may
monitor inventory and repackage medication under pharmacist supervision
Which of the following classes of drugs cannot help in achieving the treatment goals for angina pectoris?
diuretics
Good sources for continuing education in the field of pharmacy include
workshops and seminars offered by pharmacy organizations
Chemical substances that have morphine-like action in the body are referred to as
opioids
The largest national pharmacy organization is the
American Pharmacists Association (APhA)
Which of the following classes of drugs is used to prevent formation of thrombi?
anticoagulants
An example of loop diuretics is
furosemide
Hypnotic drugs are used to treat
sleep disorders
Which of the following is NOT an antihistamine?
hydrocodone (Histussin)
Which of the following insulins can be administered intravenously?
regular
Which organization sets the standards for the identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling of drug products?
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
Glucophage is the trade name for
metformin
Which of the following statements about insulin is true?
Insulin is a hormone
Many clerical tasks in pharmacies are now performed by
pharmacy technicians
Which of the following is an example of an "amide" local anesthetic?
lidocaine
An agent used to treat fungal diseases is
amphotericin B
Which of the following is an RNA virus?
retrovirus
Augmentin is the trade name of
amoxicillin/ clavulanate postassium
The percentage of women enrolled in pharmacy schools in the U.S. colleges of pharmacy in 1993 was
63 percent
The core requirements for a 2-year Associate degree for pharmacy technicians include
terminology
Captopril, an antihypertensive, is classified as which of the following?
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Manipulating estrogen and progesterone levels can prevent
pregnancy
Histamine blockers that affect type 2 receptors are used for
peptic ulcers
An example of a class III antiarrhythmic drug that interferes with potassium outflow is
amiodarone
The initial stimulus for coughing probably arises in the
bronchial mucosa
The pharmacy technician certification must be renewed every
2 years
Which of the following drugs is classified as an antidepressant, and is also used for smoking cessation?
bupropion
The trade name of sertraline is
Zoloft
Which of the following is a disadvantage of most antihistamines?
sedation
The generic name of Prozac is
fluoxetine
Vancomycin is usually given
intravenously
Which of the following is the trade name of amlodipine?
Norvasc
The generic name of Tagamet is
cimetidine
Which of the following is capable of stopping the growth and reproduction of bacteria, but does not necessarily kill bacteria?
bacteriostat
The presence of raised or abnormal levels of lipoproteins and lipids in the blood is called
hyperlipidemia
Which of the following are the most potent and effective anti-inflammatory agents?
corticosteroids
Which of the following drugs is NOT a proton pump inhibitor?
sulfisoxazole
Diltiazem, an antianginal drug, is classified as which of the following?
calcium channel blocker
The quality and control unti responsible for auditing the control system and evaluating product quality is sometimes referred to as
Assay and Control
Of the number of required continuing education hours for the CPhT, how many hours must be related to pharmacy law?
1 hour
The generic name of Tofranil is
imipramine
Which of the following is an example of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
baclofen
Which of the following is NOT used to treat asthma?
lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
federal agency that provides facilities and services for the investigation, identification, prevention, and control of disease
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
creates standards for child-resistant packaging
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
prohibits the interstate distribution or sale of adulterated and misbranded food and drugs
Supplemental Health and Educational Act of 1994
placed the burden of proof squarely on FDA in regard to the safeness of dietary supplements
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
controls the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
offers tax breaks for companies to undertake the development and manufacture of drugs for uncommon diseases.
administrative law
the rules and regulations established by agencies of the federal government.
criminal law
governs the relationship of the individual to society as a whole.
statutes
results from action by the legislature
slander
defamatory spoken words
negligence
failure to use a reasonable amount of care to prevent injury or damage to another.
What control drug schedule is morphine?
Schedule II controlled substance
Which schedule is the opiate morphine, which may result in severe psychological and physical dependence when abused?
Schedule II
Who creates the standards for child-resistant packaging, as required by the Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA)?
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
The maximum amount of items that may be ordered on DEA Form 222 is
10
Orphan drugs are used for all of the following disorders or conditions, EXCEPT
peptic ulcer
The "Administrative Simplification" provision of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) consists of
Electronic Health Transaction Standards and Privacy and Confidentiality Standards
An example of an intentional tort is
battery
The study of values or principles governing personal relationships is called
ethics
What regulatory agency is responsible for the approval of drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription labeling, and standards for drug manufacturing?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Which of the following amendments or acts required manufacturers to register and list their products?
Medical Device Amendment
The branch of the government that is responsible for creating laws is the
legislative branch
Which act prohibits the reimportation of a drug into the United States by anyone but the manufacturer?
Prescription Drug Marketing Act
The Model State Pharmacy Practice Act (MSPPA), which can provide a greater degree of uniformity between states in regards to the practice of pharmacy, was developed by the
National Associations of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)
A pharmacist must be registered with the DEA if he
owns a pharmacy as a sole proprietor
Pharmacies should make a complete and accurate record of all stocks of controlled substances on hand every
2 years
When a controlled substance is stolen or lost from a pharmacy, the nearest DEA office must be notified using which of the following DEA forms?
106
inventory turnover rate
mathematical calculation of the number of times the average inventory is replaced over a period of time (usually annually)
inventory control
controlling the amount of product on hand to maximize the return of investment
point-of-sale (POS) master
inventory control system that allows inventory to be tracked as it is used
perpetual inventory system
inventory control system that allows for monthly review of drug use
want book
list of drugs and devices that routinely need to be ordered
Repackaged pharmaceuticals that are expired should be
placed in a separate area until they can be properly disposed of
When specific stock reorder points are reached, they trigger the
computer to automatically reorder
The formula of adding the beginning inventory for a period to the ending inventory for a period and dividing by two is for calculating
average inventory
It is important to stock items according to their
specific storage requirements
Inventory of controlled substances must be taken every
two years
What is NOT true concerning the use of a point-of-sale (POS) master?
It can be used to check for therapeutic duplications in a drug regimen.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of formulary systems?
pediatric formulary
If controlled substances have been ordered, they should be received into the pharmacy by a
pharmacist
The stock of medications a pharmacy keeps immediately on hand is called a(n)
inventory
Most drug products are received in the pharmacy in
bulk "stock" bottles
A Class III recall is for products that may
violate FDA labeling or manufacturing
Which of the following are used to most easily determine each received item and its associated information?
bar codes
What is true concerning unit-of-use packaging?
It will allow pharmacists to prepare medications before they are needed
An example of a want book would be a
spiral-bound notebook in which order stickers may be placed
The purpose of drug formularies is to
increase selection of items that may be prescribed
A list of articles in stock, with the description and quantity of each, is referred to as a(n)
inventory
Which of the following is the most suitable, flexible, and open-ended system on the market that can be installed in all of the computers in the main pharmacy?
point-of-sale master
Most automated dispensing systems comply with both the
HIPAA and Joint Commission
Bar coding saves
lives, time and dollars
Inventory control is closely associated with the function of
purchasing
The perpetual inventory is a written record of the amount of controlled substances for which of the following drug schedules?
II
A list of drugs and devices that routinely need to be reordered is called a
want book
Which drug recall level may cause serious harm or death?
Class I
What is false about inventory and control systems in pharmacy today?
Manual systems usually keep a perpetual inventory
The real advantage of computerized inventory control systems is
time saving
Which of the following is the simplest and most widely used method of inventory control?
want book system
Which of the following is not a type of inventory management system?
automated dispensing system
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of automated dispensing systems?
cheaper
Expired compounded pharmaceuticals must be
disposed of
What is the purpose of formularies?
to eliminate duplication
The medication master file contains all of the information needed for
inventory, pricing, and ordering
A pharmacy has purchased 550 products over a period of 3 months. If their average inventory was 235 products in a 3-month period, their inventory turnover rate for this period is
2.34
Which class of drug recalls is considered most dangerous, and may cause serious health problems or death?
Class I
Regarding inventory, an estimated count must be done for which drug schedules?
III to V
For the period of January through June, a pharmacy had a beginning inventory of 312 products and an ending inventory of 336 products. Which of the following is the average inventory for this 6-month period?
324
pipette
long, thin, calibrated hollow tube that is made of glass and is used for measuring liquids
conical graduate
device used for measuring liquids that has a wide top and tapers from top to bottom
compounding slab
plate made of ground glass with a hard, flat, and nonabsorbent surface for mixing compounds
cylindrical graduate
device used for measuring liquids that has a narrow diameter
pestle
solid device that is used to crush or grind material in a mortar
gel
suspensions made of either small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid
pastes
oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion characterized by a high content of solids
cream
water-based emulsion in which drugs in powder or crystal form are usually mixed in for topical use
suspension
liquid dosage form that contains solid drug particles floating in a liquid medium
solvent
liquid substance in which another substance is being dissolved
The type of mortar and pestle that has the advantage of being nonporous and nonstaining is
glass
When mixing two or more powders, you should
pulverize them separately to the same particle size
Which device is used to shrink bands onto vials?
heat gun
When compounding solutions, the drug should be dissolved in the
solvent in which it is more soluble
When measuring out a liquid, it is good practice to
select a container that will be half full when measuring, measure a volume that is at least 20% of the capacity of the graduate, and view the measurement by looking at eye level to the surface
Class A balances have a sensitivity requirement of
6 mg
Which piece of equipment is designed for mixing and melting substances?
beaker
Which balance is NOT appropriate for prescription compounding?
counterbalance
When compounding a solution, which form of the drug should be used?
salt form
Unlike compounded solutions, suspensions
have problematic physical stability once compounded
The smallest size graduate available is
5 mL
The minimum amount you should measure with a 100 mL graduated cylinder is
5 mL
When measuring out a liquid in a graduate, the upper surface of the liquid is called
quarter-moon-shaped body and meniscus
Which type of base is a water-miscible base often used in vaginal and rectal suppositories?
glycerinated gelatin
An example of a drug that is applied topically but is intended for systemic absorption into the body is
nitroglycerin
Mortars and pestles are usually made of all the following, EXCEPT
ceramic
Which piece of equipment is used to remove seals placed onto vials?
crimper
The maximum amount that can be weighed out with a Class A balance is
120 g
The largest capsule size that should be given orally to patients is
number 000
A two-pan device that may be used for weighing small amounts of drugs (not more than 120 grams) is called a(n)
class A prescription balance
Balance weights should only be handled with
forceps
Sterility of compounded products can be achieved through the following methods, EXCEPT
freezing
The first step in adding a salt to a syrup is to add
salt to a few milliliters of water
When reconstituting dry powders of parenteral drugs, it is important to know the
correct diluent
Tablet molds are commonly made of
metal
Manufacturing of prescription products for resale to pharmacies is regulated by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Why are balance weights usually made of a metal such as brass?
Metal is corrosion resistant.
Spatulas are usually made of
plastic, stainless steel, and hard rubber
Which type of base is used most commonly for rectal suppositories?
cocoa butter
Ointments are considered
oil based in nature and semisolid dosage form
Ceclor is what generation of Cephalosporins?
Second generation
The Trade name for Ceftriaxone Sodium is what?
Rocephin
Cefdinir is what generation of Cephalosporins?
Third Generation
Name a first generation Cephalosporin?
cefadroxil, cefazolin sodium, cephalexin (Generic) Duricel, Ultracef, Ancef, Kefzol, Cefanex, Keflex (Trade)
True or False: Maxipime can be given PO
False: Only IM, IV
What are the three types of Tetracyclines?
Short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long acting
What is the generic name for Sumycin?
tetracycline hydrochoride
What is the maximum dose of Declomycin that a patient may have (in milligrams) and which type does it belong to?
2400 mg, intermediate-acting
triglycerides
a simple fat compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acid and glycerol
nutrition
The sum of the processes involved in the taking in of nutrients and their assimilation and use for proper body functioning and maintenance of health
cholesterol
A waxy lipid found only in animal tissues; a member of a group of lipids called "sterols."
protein
the only one of six essential nutrients containing nitrogen
cyanocobalamin
A water-soluble vitamin that is the common pharmaceutical form of vitamin B12
vitamin
an organic substance necessary for life although it does not independently provide energy
phospholipid
a phosphorous-containing liquid
mineral
an inorganic substance occurring naturally in the earth's crust
iron
a common metallic element essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin
carbohydrate
the nutrient providing the main source of energy in the average diet
electrolyte
compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water
vitamin B3
also called niacin
vitamin B6
also called pyridoxine
vitamin D
also called calciferol
vitamin B1
also called thiamin
Vitamin B12
also called cyanocobalamin
vitamin A
also called retinol
vitamin B9
also called folacin
vitamin E
also called tocopherol
vitamin K1
also called phylloquionone
Amino acids that must be derived from dietary sources and cannot be synthesized by the body are called
essential amino acids
Copper accumulation in the liver may cause
Wilson's disease
Which vitamin is important for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?
Vitamin D
Factors that may result in a drug interaction include the following, EXCEPT
pharmacy intervention
Which vitamin is given to patients with hemorrhage disorders?
Vitamin K
Vitamin B1 is also called
thiamin
Which of the following drugs may cause peripheral neuritis in some patients?
isoniazid
Which of the following statements about calcium is false?
It is required for the elimination of urine
Protein is needed for the formation of
enzymes, antibodies and hormones
Which vitamins are least likely to cause adverse effects when taken in overdose?
Vitamin B complex
LDL (low-density lipoproteins) levels can be decreased by
exercise and decreased dietary intake of cholesterol
Which of the following nutrients provides the most energy for the body?
fats
Which nutrient provides the most concentrated source of calories (9 kcal per gram)?
lipids
Which of the following drugs may be given concurrently with grapefruit?
acetaminophen
Concurrent use of alcoholic beverages and sedatives may result in
excessive CNS depression
It is recommended to limit fat intake to what percentage of total calories consumed?
30 percent
Proteins are complex nitrogenous compounds that are composed of large combinations of
amino acids
Any patient taking a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (an antidepressant) should avoid all of the following foods or beverages, EXCEPT
diet Coke
Current dietary goals in the United States recommend that carbohydrates constitute what percentage of total calories consumed?
55 to 60 percent
The lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the body to the liver for metabolism, considered the 'good cholesterol," is
HDL (high-density lipoproteins
Excessive consumption of carbohydrates may lead to
obesity
Carbidopa is often prescribed in combination with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's Disease. The addition of carbidopa decreases the amount of levodopa needed to have an effect, but it does not have a beneficial effect in these patients if given alone. This is an example of
Potentiation
The Food Guide Pyramid is scheduled to undergo changes by the USDA due to
epidemic numbers of overweight people in the United States
Vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage may inactivate
warfarin
Synergism refers to the effect of two or more drugs causing
a stronger effect
A chronic disease that develops over years as a result of a deficiency in total caloric intake is called
marasmus
Chronic use of alcoholic beverages may interact with the drug phenytoin by
increasing liver enzyme activity
Which vitamin in certain green leafy vegetables interacts with warfarin?
Vitamin K
Garlic is an herb used for lowering cholesterol and modestly lowering blood pressure. Which types of drugs would you caution patients about taking concurrently with garlic?
antihypertensives
Iodine is an essential micronutrient for which of the following hormones?
thyroxine
Which of the following increases the drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver?
smoking
How many amino acids have been identified as vital for proper growth, development, and maintenance of health?
22
Which nonprescription drug interacts with warfarin?
aspirin (Bayer)
Carbohydrates that are not immediately used by the body are stored as
glycogen
The recommended daily requirement of protein is
0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight
Which vitamin is converted from cholesterol in the skin by ultraviolet light?
Vitamin D
Hypermagnesemia is usually caused by
renal insufficiency
What patient variables may predispose a patient to drug interactions?
age
Good cholesterol is known as
HDL
The antibiotic ciprofloxacin may have decreased absorption when taken with
magnesium- and aluminum-containing antacids
In the future, the number of acute beds relative to beds in long-term care will
decrease
Long-term care facilities require pharmacy services to be available
24 hours a day
What functions do pharmacists provide for long-term care?
distribution and consultation
The role of pharmacists in long-term care has been shown to
decrease overall medication costs
The growth of home health care depends on
physician acceptance, increase in the number of elderly patients, and improvement of technology
Several types of home health care services that are available include the following, EXCEPT
interventional radiology
The largest payer of home health care services is
Medicare
High-tech home health care requires close collaboration between the pharmacy and
physicians, registered nurses, and medical supply companies
Drugs added to IV solutions suffer degradation from the effects of
storage conditions
The equipment typically found in a home infusion pharmacy includes a(n)
laminar airflow hoods
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) consists of
amino acids and dextrose
Which of the following is correct about total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
A safe and effective mixing order is required
For short-term enteral nutrition therapy, which type of feeding tube is used?
nasogastric tube
Ambulatory care centers now provide
endoscopy
In ambulatory pharmacy services, clinical services should be available
80 to 90% of the time
One of the fastest growing areas of pharmacy is
mail-order pharmacies
The latest and most penetrating type of radiation is
gamma
Which compound is used in about 80% of radioactive drugs?
technetium-99m
Which is true about radiopharmaceuticals?
They require a receipt of a valid prescription or drug order
In hospice care, physicians must certify that the life expectancy of the patient is within
6 months
How are radiopharmaceuticals usually transported throughout an institution?
lead-lined containers
Special badges that monitor radiation level exposure (worn by workers in nuclear pharmacies) are required to be monitored
monthly
A modified unit-dose system features a single medication in each blister on cards that can hold between
30 and 90 blisters
Which of the following is not a type of home health care service?
radiopharmaceutical compounding
Which of the following statements about radioactive components is true?
They have short half lives.
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of radiation?
delta
An Internet pharmacy charges a patient a co-pay amount via the patient's
credit card
Which of the following is a disadvantage of mail-order pharmacy?
accessibility in emergencies
Nasogastric feeding tubes carry nutrients into the
stomach
The major source of payment for home care is
Medicare
A group of medications that is provided to a hospice patient by the hospice pharmacy to provide a "start" in treatment for the majority of urgent problems is a(n)
starter kit or comfort pack
Medications that are required on a continous basis for the treatment of chronic conditions are called
maintenance drugs
Vials containing the particular radiopharmaceutical compounds, usually in freeze-dried form are
reagent kits
An intravenous feeding that supplies all the nutrients necessary for life is
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
What part of the radiopharmaceutical process involves performing the appropriate chemical, physical, and biological tests to ensure the suitability of the products to be used in humans?
Quality assurance
Pharmacists perform two types of functions for long-term care. What are they?
Distribution and consultant
What are the four types of Lipid Lowering Drugs?
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Fibric Acid Sequestrants, Niacin, and Statins
What is one Trade Name for Lovastatin?
Mevacor
Furosemide is what kind of diuretic?
Loop diuretic
Should a patient be taking a Potassium Supplement if they are on Edecrin?
Yes
Name a Potassium Sparing Diuretic?
Aldactone
Hygroton is what type of diuretic?
Thiazide Diuretic
The patient is hyperkalemic. What is the name of one diuretic that the physician could consider?
spironolactone
Hospital pharmacies leadership position is usually titled
Pharmacy Director
The medication order in a hospital must contain
patient's known drug allergies
The medication dispensing system that is considered the safest and most effective is the
unit-dose drug distribution system
In the hospital setting, all medications are ordered by the physician through
medication orders
The disadvantages of the floor stock system include
potential for medication errors
Common features of the unit dose system of drug distribution include the following, EXCEPT
bulk bottles can be used for more than one patient
Which type of drug product is not required to be sterile prior to administration?
sublingual tablets
A system of purchasing in which the hospital establishes a relationship with a single wholesaler in order to obtain more competitive pricing is
prime vendor purchasing
The target for inventory turnover rate is
10 to 12 times per year
The automated processing of medication orders also results in
generation of patient profiles, medication labels being produced, and medication administration records being produced
With a 24-hour medication cart exchange system, the final check is usually done by a
pharmacist
Roles for pharmacy technicians in the hospital include
setting up unit doses
Policies and Procedure Manuals should be revised at least
yearly
The organization that requires policies and procedures to guide the pharmacy department in providing safe, effective, and cost-effective drug therapy is the
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
The agency that inspects and approves hospitals to provide care for Medicaid patients is
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)
The practice of hospital pharmacy begins with the
medication order
The sterile product is usually associated with drugs that are administered by
injection or via the ophthalmic route
The primary disadvantage of wholesaler purchasing is
higher costs of pharmaceuticals
Which of the following statements is false about automation?
It issues recertification
Which of the following devices is able to fill each patient medication tray in the cart?
robotics
Failure to understand how the billing process works will cause errors in all of the following, EXCEPT
inventory
Which of the following is a quasi-legal organization that has defined a standard of practice for pharmacy departments with certain policies and procedures having a defined content?
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Which of the following groups of health care professionals are not employees of a hospital?
physicians
When multiple hospitals negotiate volume purchases together, this is called
group purchasing
In the hospital pharmacy who determines which medications will be purchased and maintained in stock?
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
What eliminates the "middle man" and handling fees but requires a significant commitment of time, larger inventories, and more storage space?
Direct purchasing
Which organization inspects and approves institutions to provide Medicaid and Medicare services?
CMS
The leadership position in hospital pharmacies is usually titled
Director of pharmacy
oral PRN medication order
Tylenol 650 mg PO Q8H as needed
scheduled oral medication order
Levaquin 500 mg PO Q24H
scheduled IV medication order
Enalapril 5 mg IV Q6H
Medications given under the direction of a research protocol are called
investigational medication order
person who dispenses and counsels patients
pharmacist
Person who assists the pharmacist by filling prescriptions and performing other nonjudgmental tasks
pharmacy technician
A group that requires specialized education and intellectual knowledge
profession
The art and science of dispensing and preparing medications and providing drug-related information to the public
pharmacy
A group with the responsibility for auditing the control system and evaluating product quality
assay and control
United States Pharmacopeia
USP
National Pharmacy Technician Association
NPTA
Pharmacy Technician Certification Board
PTCB
Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam
PTCE
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
ASHP
American Association of Pharmacy Technicians
AAPT
American Pharmacists Association
APhA
The PTCB exam is a standardized national exam for certification to become a
pharmacy technician
What is a nonprofit organization that sets standards for the identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling of drug products?
United States Pharmacopeia
A profession is characterized by
provision of a unique service to society, a code of ethics, and a specialized body of knowledge based on advanced education, which continues to expand throughout a person's career
According to the AACP, a Pharm D degree requires how many years of undergraduate study followed by 4 years of graduate study?
2 years
The role of the pharmacy technician has been expanding in recent years, and the number of pharmacy technicians has
increased
The skills of the pharmacy technician measured by the PTCB exam are
assisting the pharmacist in serving patients, maintaining medication and inventory control systemss, and participating in the administration and management of the pharmacy
What is the continuing education requirements?
20 hours of pharmacy-related continuing education and one hour must be in pharmacy law
The association that established a Code of Ethics for Pharmacy Technicians was
AAPT
the branch of philosophy that deals with the distinction between right and wrong and with the moral consequences of human actions
ethics
a principle or rule that is advisable or obligatory to observe
law
fraudulent labeling or marking
misbranding
a drug that is developed for small populations of people in need of the drug
orphan drug
rules and regulations resulting from court decisions
judicial law
a violation of the law
crime
a serious crime, such as murder, kidnapping, assault, or rape, that is punishable by imprisonment for more than one year
felony
a less serious crime, punishable by a fine or imprisonment for less than 1 year
misdemeanor
a discipline dealing with the ethical and moral implications of formulary biological research and applications
bioethics
a database of officially recognized drug names
national formulary
a uniquie and permanent product code assigned to each new drug as it becomes available in the marketplace; it identifies the manufacturer or distributor, the drug formulation, and the size and type of its packaging
NDC
Created the National Drug Code
Drug Listing Act of 1972
Established five classes of narcotics
Controlled Substance Act of 1970
This act created FDA
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Created prescription requirements
Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951
Reflects an essential change of direction for drug abuse control
Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990
Requires that legend drugs must be in child-resistant containers
Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
Requires pharmacists to offer to counsel patients
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990
Requires that drug products, both prescription and nonprescription, must be effective and safe
Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
Pertains to a patient's right to privacy
HIPAA-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Pertains to safety in the workplace
OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The laws relevant to the practice of pharmacy may come from different sources. An example is
FDA
Civil law governs pharmacists who do not act in a professional manner with their customers, including areas such as
libel, slander, violation of privacy, and unintentional bodily injury
Ethics are based on
morals
The FDA regulates all drugs with the exception of
illegal drugs
Regulatory agencies are government-based departments that create specific rules about what is and is not ______ within a specific field or area of expertise?
legal
Violations against the government or the state are governed by
criminal law
What is considered the most serious type of crime against the government?
Treason
The failure to use a reasonable amount of care to prevent injury or damage to another is
negligence
Pharmacy laws of different states are different, but they are based on the same
principles, objectives, and goals of pharmaceutical practice
What agents have a high potential for abuse, but they are currently accepted for medical use in the United States?
Schedule II
What agents have the lowest abuse potential of the controlled substances and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotic drugs?
Schedule V
narcotic alkaloids found in opium
opiates
drugs that block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction; they cause paralysis of specific skeletal muscles
neuromuscular blocking agents
a temporary, abnormal electrical brain condition that results in abnorma neuronal activity; it can affect mental ability and cause convulsions
seizure
a handheld pressurized device used to deliver medications for inhalation
metered-dosee inhaler
a drug that induces sleep; often used to treat insomnia and in surgical anesthesia
hypnotic
a trance-like state that resembles sleep that is induced by the suggestions of one person upon another who accepts them as effective
hypnosis
a positively charged atom
cation
also known as "spasmolytics," these agents alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms to reduce spasticity
centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
an intense, involuntary muscle contraction or spasm, as is commonly seen during a seizure condition
convulsion
the most potent and consistently effective anti-inflammatory agents that are currently available for relief of respiratory conditions
corticosteroids
chemical substances that have morphine-like action in the body; commonly used for pain relief
opioids
a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that usually impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions
Parkinson's Disease
the use of a sedative agent to reduce excitement, nervousness, or irritation; commonly prior to a medical procedure
sedation
substances that suppress the central nervous system, and induce calmness, relaxation, drowsiness, or sleep
sedatives
Condition that describes chest pain, lack of blood and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, usually because of vessel obstruction or spasm
angina pectoris
Therapeutic agents that slow or stop the growth of microorganisms
antibiotics
Drugs that counteract the action of histamine
antihistamines
A physiological state consisting of fear, apprehension, or worry
anxiety
Agents that relax the smooth muscle of the bronchial tubes
bronchodilators
Capable of killing bacteria. This term is typically used in reference to antiseptics, disinfections, or antibiotics
bactericidal
Various conditions of abnormal electrical heart activity; the heart may beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly
arrhythmias
A drug that reduces coughing, also called a "cough suppressant"
antitussive
Capable of stopping the growth and reproduction of bacteria
bacteriostatic
A device used to deliver medication in the form of micronized powder into the lungs
dry powder inhaler
chemical messengers that move through the blood or through cells that carry signals
hormones
The presence of raised or abnormal levels of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood
hyperlipidemia
High blood pressure
hypertension
Narcotic analgesics are
referred to as opioids
Hypertension
is treated by using diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, as well as other drugs.
Heart arrhythmias occur because of
improper impulse generation and improper conduction
Invading microorganisms include
viruses, bacteria and fungi
Manipulating estrogen and progesterone levels can prevent
pregnancy
Semisynthetic antibiotics structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins are
cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones are related to
nalidixic acid
DNA viruses include
herpes simplex 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and influenza A
commonly used devices for inhalation include
metered-dose inhaler, dry powder, and nebulizers
Carbamazepine is the generic name for
Tegretol
An alkali metal element that helps regulate neuromuscular excitability and muscle contraction
potassium
The only one of six essential nutrients containing nitrogen
protein
A fat-soluble vitamin essential for skeletal growth, maintenance of normal mucosal epithelium, reproduction, and visual acuity
retinol
Any of several organic acids produced by the hydrolysis of neutral fats
fatty acids
Fats
lipids
A disease caused by extreme lack of protein
kwashiorkor
A common metallic element essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin
iron
An essential micronutrient of the thyroid hormone
iodine
A water-soluble vitamin essential for cell growth and the reproduction of red blood cells
folic acid
Any substance that becomes part of a food product
food additive
A substance that prevents tooth decay and protects against osteoporosis and gum disease
fluoride
A nonmetallic chemical element occurring extensively in nature as a component of phosphate rock
phosphorus
A phosporus-containing lipid
phospholipid
The sum of the processes involved in the taking in of nutrients and their assimilation and used for proper body functioning and maintenance of health
nutrition
A chemical substance found in food that is necessary for good health
nutrient
A part of two enzymes that regulate energy metabolism
niacin
Inorganic substances occurring naturally in the earth's crust, having a characteristic chemical composition
minerals
A water-soluble, injectable form of the product of vitamin K3
menadione
Severe wasting caused by lack of protein and all nutrients or faulty absorption
marasmus
A silver-white mineral element; the second most abundant cation of the intracellular fluids in the body and is essential for many enzyme activities
magnesium
A system of nourishing through breathing
pharma food
Substances composed of lipids or fatty acids and occurring in various forms
fats
Compounds that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water
electrolytes
A water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation of collagen and fibroid tissue for teeth, bones, cartilage, connective tissue, and skin
ascorbic acid
A water-soluble B complex vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in fatty acid production and in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates
biotin
A metallic element that is a component of several important enzymes in the body and is essential to good health
copper
A waxy lipid found only in animal tissues
cholesterol
An anion of chlorine
chloride
An alkaline earth metal element
calcium
A fat-soluble vitamin chemically related to the steroids and essential for the normal formation of bones and teeth
calciferol
Natural fats consist of what percentage of triglycerides or triacylglycerols?
95%
A fat-soluble vitamin essential for normal reproduction, muscle development, resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis, and various other biochemical functions.
Tocopherol
A water-soluble, crystalline compound of the B complex, essential for normal metabolism and health of the cardiovascular and nervous systems is
vitamin B1 or thiamin
Simple fat compounds consisting of three molecules of fatty acid and glycerol is
triglycerides
A water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation of collagen and fibroid tissue for teeth, bones, cartilage, connective tissue, and skin is
vitamin C
Vitamin K is also called
quinones
Life expectancy in the United States is
increasing
Good fats are known as
HDL
Zinc deficiency is characterized by
abnormal fatigue, decreased alertness, and a decrease in taste and odor sensitivity
Enteral tube feedings are containdicated in patients with the following:
diffused peritonits, severe diarrhea, and intractable vomiting
A system of enzymes that contributes to drug interactions
cytochrome P-450
The cooperative effect of two or more drugs given together to produce a stronger effect than that of either drug given alone
synergism
When two drugs act to decrease the effects of each other
antagonism
An interference of a drug with the effect of another drug, nutrient, or laboratory test
drug interaction
One drug prolongs the effects of another drug
potentiation
Surgical patients commonly receive more than
10 drugs
When two drugs with similar actions are taken, the effect of the drugs will
double
What agents are most often abused?
Opioids, barbiturates, and analgesics
Smoking increases the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the
liver
The pharmacist has a valuable opportunity to make a significant contribution to further enhance the
efficacy of drug therapy and safety of drug therapy
The process of entering a physician's order into a computer
transcription
Zeros that follow decimal points
trailing zeros
Charts used to measure a patient's pain intensity level
pain scales
The failure to do something that a reasonable person might do, or doing something that a reasonable person might not do
negligence
Negligence performed by a professional, such as a pharmacist, or a pharmacist-supervised technician
malpractice
Zeros that precede decimal points
leading zeros
A localized mass of blood outside of the blood vessels that appears to be discolored
hematoma
Having to do with the examination and treatment of patients
clinical
Agents that give immunity to diseases or living organisms
biologics
According to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, approximately how many Americans die each year as a result of medical errors?
98,000
Deaths in U.S. hospitals due to medical errors are more than deaths from motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer and AIDS? What does this number exceed?
44,000
According to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, which medications have the "highest alert" concerning medication errors?
Insulin and heparin, narcotics and opiates, and potassium chloride injections
Fatigue has many effects that can allow medication errors to occur. They include:
slowed reaction times, reduced accuracy, and inability to recognize changes in the patient
The term "every other day" is abbreviated:
QOD
The term "right eye" is abbreviated:
OD
Penalties concerning negligence or malpractice may include:
restriction on practice and fines, suspension of ability to practice and jail sentences, and revocation of ability to practice
A pharmacist who fails to perform a prospective drug regimen review, gives incorrect advice, or doesn't warn a patient about potential adverse effects is guilty of
malpractice
The Joint Commission requires organizations to prove that their personnel are:
competent
An organization that surveys and accredits health care organizations
The Joint Commission
An order for a medication given under direction of research protocols that also require strict documentation of procurement, dispensing, and administration
investigational medication order
The director of the pharmacy or buyer directly contacts and negotiates pricing with pharmaceutical manufactures
independent purchasing
The provision of pharmaceutical services within an institutional or hospital setting
hospital pharmacy
Many hospitals working together to negotiate with pharmaceutical manufacturers to get better prices and benefits based upon the ability to promise high committed volumes
group purchasing
A system of drug distribution in which drugs are issue in bulk form and stored in medication rooms on patient care units
floor stock system
The automatic control or operation of equipment, processes, or systems, and often involves robotic machinery controlled by computers
automation
An organization that inspects and approves institutions to provide Medicaid and Medicare services
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
An inventory control system in which stock arrives just before it is needed
just-in-time system
The written order for particular medications and services to be provided to a patient within an institutional setting
medication order
An order for a medication to be given in response to a medical emergency
emergency medication order
An organization that oversees hospitals, including the pharmacy department
department of health
An order for medication to be given in rapid response to a specified medical condition
demand/stat medication order
An order for medication that requires monitored documentation of procurement, dispensing, and administration
controlled substance medication order
A computerized system in which the physician inputs the dedication order directly for electronic receipt in the pharmacy
computerized physician order entry system
A system of drug distribution in which a nurse supplies the pharmacy with a transcribed medication order for a particular patient and the pharmacy prepares a 3-day supply of the medication
patient prescription system
A system for distributing medication in which the pharmacy prepares single doses of medications for a patient a 24-hour period
unit-dose drug distribution system
A substance that contains no living microorganisms
sterile product
An agency that registers pharmacists and pharmacy technicians
state board of pharmacy
An order for medication that is to be given on a continuous schedule
scheduled medication order
An order for medication given via an infection; these medications are to be prepared in a controlled environment
scheduled intravenous/ total parenteral nutrition solution order
Statement of a series of steps to implement the policies of the department or organization
procedure
An order for medication to be given in response to a specific defined parameter or condition
PRN medication order
A formal document specifying guidelines for operations of an institution
policies and procedures manual
Statement of the definite course or method of action selected to support goals of the overall organization
policy
Policies and procedures to show proper handling of controlled substances
Drug Enforcement Administration
Policies and procedures showing implementation of its guidelines and standards of practice
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Investigation of drug policies and procedures in hospital pharmacies and drug recall policies and procedures
Food and Drug Administration
Policies and procedures that ensure the health and safety of people in the workplace
Occupational Safety and Health Administration