Axial Skeleton
those one that lie around the body's center of gravity
Appendicular Skeleton
bones of the limbs or appendages
Articular cartilage
which cover the one ends at movable joints
Hyaline Cartilage
Provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give"
Elastic cartilage
tolerates repeated bending
ex. external ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression
compact bone
smooth and homogenous
Spongy bone
composed of small trabeculae of one and lots of open space
Long bone
are much longer than they are wide
Short bone
typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone
Flat bone
generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact one
irregular bone
ones that do not fall into one of the preceding categories
sesamoid bones
special types of short bones formed in tendons
Diaphysis
shaft
periosteum
fibrous membrane covering
epiphysis
the end of the long bone
epiphyseal plate
a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of the bone during youth
epiphyseal line
thin bone covering the epiphyseal plate after the growth stops
yellow marrow
as storage region for adipose
red marrow
involved in forming blood cells
Endosteum
covers the trabeculae of spongy one
Trabeculae
compact bone appears to be dense and homogenous
Central(haversian) canal
runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels through the bony matrix
Ostteocyte
mature bone cells
lacunae
chambers
Circumferential lamellae
lacunae arranged in concentric circles around the central canal
Osteon(haversian system)
a central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it
Canaliculi
tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella.
Perforating(Volkmann's) canal
canal that runs into the compact bone and marrow cavity form the periosteum at right angles of the shaft.
Synarthroses
immovable joints
amphiarthroses
slightly movable joints
diarthroses
freely movable joints
Fibrous joint
bones joined by fibrous tissue
suture
the irregular edges of the bones interlock and are united by very short connective tissue fibers
syndesmoses
the articulating ones are connected by short ligaments of dense fibrous tissue: the bones do not interlock
gomphosis
a tooth is secured in a bony socket y the periodontal ligament
cartilaginous joints
the articulating bone ends are connected by a plate or pad of cartilage
symphyses
the bones are connected by a broad,flat disc of fibrocartilage
synchondroses
the bony portions are united by hyaline cartilage
synovial joint
those in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
hinge joint
...
saddle joint
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pivot joint
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ball and socket joint
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plane(gliding)joint
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condyloid joint
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