Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate
Protein
Protein
Lipid
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid Location
In the nucleus of every cell
Nucleic Acid (Nucleotide Structure)
Made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Protein Monomer
Amino Acid
Protein Function
Enables muscular movement, forms your hair and fingernails, carries oxygen in your blood, controls brain signaling, helps you digest food, helps copy genes, defends your body against bacteria and viruses, and transmits signals into and out of cells.
Protein Types
Muscle, Structural, Transport, Signaling, Enzymes, Cellular Construction Workers (cell growth), Antibodies (Defensive), and Cellular Messengers
Foods Containing Protein
Eggs, Milk, Yogurt, Dairy, Fish/Seafood, Soy, Nuts, Pork, and Chicken/Turkey.
Carbohydrate Types
Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose), Disaccharides (Sucrose and Lactose) , and Polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose).
Carbohydrate Monomer
Monosaccharide
Lipid Characteristics
A.K.A. fats, oils, and waxes and fat-soluble (hydrophobic or "water-fearing"), meaning that they CANNOT dissolve in water
Lipid Monomer
Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains
Lipid Types
Triglyceride, Steroid (Cholesterol), and Phospholipid
Lipid Function
Long-term energy storage, hormones which initiate specific chemical reactions, and form the cellular membrane
Carbohydrate Essential Elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Protein Essential Elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur
Lipid Essential Elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Nucleic Acid Essential Elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Phosphorous
Nucleic Acid Function
Pass down genes from generation to generation
Nucleic Acid Monomer
Nucleotide
Nucleic Acid Types
RNA (Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine) and DNA (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine)
Protein Structure
Includes amino acids connected into long polymers called polypeptide chains.
Levels of Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
Protein Location
Hair and Fingernails, Blood, Brain and Nerve Cells, Saliva, Stomach, Small Intestine, Cells, Muscle, and Stud the Surface of Your Cells (Cell Membrane)
Foods Containing Carbohydrates
Pasta, Bread, Cookies, Cereal, Candy, Crackers, Fruits, Vegetables, Table Sugar, Milk, Dairy, and Grains.
Carbohydrate Functions
**Provides short-term, quick energy.
-Starch = storage form of energy in plants
-Glycogen = storage form of energy in humans and animals
-Cellulose = provides dietary fiber for human and animals; structural support for plant cells
Carbohydrate Structure
5- to 6-carbon rings with CHO side groups (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)
Foods Containing Lipids
butter, margarine, olive oil, dairy, meats, and greasy/fried foods.
Lipid Structure
Saturated (straight and have single bonds) and Unsaturated (bent and have double bonds)
Lipid Location
Human and Animal Tissue, Cellular Membrane, Digestive System, and Endocrine System