mixed culture
a microbial culture consisting of two or more species
pure culture
a microbial culture consisting of only a single species
What is the first step in identifying an organism?
isolation technique
isolation technique
obtaining isolation of individual species from a mixed sample
A commonly used isolation technique
streak plate
streak plate method of isolation
a bacterial sample (a mixed culture) is streaked over the surface of a plated agar medium. the cell density decreases, eventually leading to individual cells being deposited separately on the agar surface.
colonies
cells (on the streak plate that have been sufficiently isolated) that consist of only the original cell type grow into colonies
colony forming unit (CFU)
some colonies originate from individual cells and others from pairs, chains, or clusters of cells
What are streak patterns designed to do?
to separate deposited cells (CFUs) on the agar surface so individual cells (CFUs) grow into isolated colonies.
quadrant streak method
usually perfomed as the initial streak for isolation of two or more bacterial species in a mixed culture with samples suspected of high cell density
zigzag streak pattern
usually used with samples containing lower cell densities and with pure cultures when isolation is not necessary
The identification process of an unknown microbe relies on what?
obtaining a pure culture of that organism
How do you create a pure culture?
a portion of an isolated colony is transferred to a sterile medium to start a pure culture
When performing streak plate inoculation, what are the two ways you can hold the plate?
1. leave the sterile agar plate on the table and lift the lid slightly, using it as a shield from airborne contamination
2. place the plate lid down on the table and then remove the base and hold it in the air on an angle
What are the 4 steps in the quadrant streak method using a loop?
1. streak the mixed culture back and forth in one quadrant of the agar plate. flame the loop.
2. rotate the plate 90 degrees and touch the agar in an uninoculated region to cool the loop. flame the loop.
3. rotate the plate nearly 90 degrees and streak again using the same wrist motion. cool loop prior to streaking. flame loop.
4. after cooling the loop, streak one last time into the center of the plate. flame the loop and incubate the plate in an inverted position.
What 2 broth cultures will we use in class for practicing streaking methods?
1. micrococcus luteus
2. staphylococcus epidermidis
What 2 types of agar plates are generally used?
1. Trypticase soy agar
2. Nutrient agar plate