Microbiology Final Study Guide Flashcards

any organism capable of causing disease in its host

first inoculation

linked handwashing to disease

named cells

anthrax

father of chemotherapy

pasterization

rabies incoluation

used carbon acid in surgery

Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, organic acid

protein catalyst that controls the rate of chemical reactions in cells

disruption of hydrogen bonds an other weak forces that maintain the structure of a globular protein

technique in which a drop of fluid containing microorganisms is place on a slide

thin layer of liquid specimen spread out on a microscopic slide

molecule that can bind a structure and give it color

Determines type of antibiotic may be effective due to cell wall construction

spherical

rod-shaped

wavy or spiral

clusters

chains

pairs

four cells in a cube

eight cells in a cube

lot of peptidoglycan and is sensitive to antibiotics

thin layer of peptidoglycan and less sensitive to antibiotics

resistant, dormant structure that can survive adverse conditions

toxin incorporated in gram-negative bacteria cell walls and released when bacteria dies

irregularly shaped naturally occurring bacteria with defective cell walls

loses normal shape; cannot form enzyme-substrate complex

adapt to new environments and getting ready to divide

period of greatest cell division: exhibits most typical size and shape

population remains the same: some cells form while the same amount dies

more and more cells die

pH, temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and radiation

carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phospherus, trace elements, and vitamins

bacteria are lightly spread over the same surface of agar plates, results in isolated colonies

contains known specific kinds and amount of chemical substances

reasonably familiar materials but varies slightly in chemical composition from batch to batch

bacteria and other things growing together in oceans, lakes, and soil & living and dead organisms

encourages growth of some organisms but suppresses growth of other organisms

observable changes (color, pH)

agent that increases rate of mutations

change in an organisms characteristics because of transfer of genetic information

transferring genetic material by DNA being carried by bacteria-phages

genetic material change but the donor and recipient must have contact & transfers much larger quantities of DNA

DNA

protein subunit that surround nucleic acid

bilayer membrane outside their capsid

no bilayer membrane outside of capsid

projections extending from viral envelope

specific kinds of cell a virus can infect whether a virus can or cannot attach to a cell

exceedingly small infectious particle consisting of protein without any nucleic acid

an organism that lives at the expense of another organism

thing that a parasite attaches to

harbor parasite while it reproduces sexually

infected organism that make parasites available for transmission to other hosts

worms

head end of tapeworm

body components mainly of reproductive organs of both sexes

a long, threadlike structure of cells in fungi

flatworms that live in or on hosts

roundworms that live in the intestine or circulatory system of hosts

70%

time, temperature, pH, & concentration

chemical and physical

chemical substance produced by microorganisms which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria

invasion by replacement microflora

clear area that appears on agar in the disk diffusion method

parasite capable of causing disease in a host

presence of microorganisms on inanimate objects or surfaces of skin and mucous membranes

multiplication of a parasitic organism, usually microscopic, within or upon the host's body

degree of intensity of the disease produced by a pathogen

disease characteristic that can be observed by examining the patient

disease characteristic that can be observed or felt only by the patient, pain or nausea

aftereffect of a disease

disease that is constantly present in a specific population

disease that has a higher than normal incidence in a population over a relatively short period of time

epidemic that has become world wide

characteristics that improve the chance of successful host invasion and infection

Center of Disease Control

infection acquired in a hospital or other medical facility

Staphlococcus aureus, E. coli, streptococcus

urinary tract, surgical wounds

mount defense against particular infectious agents by responses to that agent

immunity exists in an organism because genetically determined characteristics

lymphocytes that are processed and mature

cells in thymus that undergo differentiation into thymus-derived cells