APES MIDTERM Flashcards

Which of the following interactions between the warbler species is shown in the diagram?

Based upon the data presented in the graph, which of the following best identifies the highest wolf population size?

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment?

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

The zone that has the greatest biodiversity

Which of the following regions of the ocean is LEAST likely to contain photosynthetic organisms?

Based on the diagram above, which process most directly results in the storage of carbon as coal and oil over millions of years?

Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate.

Which of the following diagrams correctly illustrates the nitrogen cycle?

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on Mount Fuji is about 175,000kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level?

Primary producers in a lake ecosystem store approximately 25,000 kcal/m2/yr of energy in their biomass. Which of the following identifies the most likely amount of energy available to a tertiary consumer in this ecosystem?

Which of the following is the primary energy source for producers in near-surface marine communities?

Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes the most likely direct effect of a decline of the small fish population on the marine food web?

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

The many finch species of the Galápagos Islands evolved from a single species that immigrated to the islands from the coast of South America. These species differ primarily in beak shape, which is closely related to the type of food each species specializes in eating.

Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galápagos Islands evolved to be specialists?

Five islands, A, B, C, D, and E, differ only in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity?

Which of the following best describes the frog species’ range of tolerance to acidic conditions?

Organisms adapted to surviving in water with the widest range of salinity would most likely be native species in which of the following marine environments?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the trends seen in the data?

In England approximately 250 years ago, the peppered moth had light-colored wing patterns that camouflaged them against the light-colored trees. Over time in urban areas, the number of peppered moths with dark-colored wings increased as pollution from the Industrial Revolution darkened the trees the moths rested on.

Which of the following statements best describes how the moths adapted to the new environment over time?

The graphs above show the population size and distribution of beak sizes in a finch population on the island of Daphne Major in the Galapagos in 1976 and 1978. Smaller-beaked finches are better suited for eating grasses and small seeds. Larger-beaked finches are better suited for cracking larger seeds and nuts. In 1977 a drought took place and the vegetation of the island was affected by the lack of rain.

Which of the following statements best explains the changes in the size and composition of the population of finches after the drought?

At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness?

Based on the diagram above, in which stage are most species present considered pioneer species?

Based on the data in the table, which ecosystem is in the earliest stages of succession?

The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that grows best in nutrient-poor, acidic soil. They typically grow in certain longleaf pine savanna ecosystems in the Carolinas. Which of the following terms best describes this species?

Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Which of the following best identifies the two different species?

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best identifies the reproductive strategy of harbor seals?

Which of the following is generally true of K-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species?

Which of the following graphs best displays population size over time of an

Dandelions grow quickly and produce many seeds, ensuring that at least some plants will survive and produce seeds themselves. Which curve best represents the survivorship of dandelions?

In the graph below charting the growth of a population of organisms, the line labeled K represents the...

The snowshoe hare (a member of the rabbit family) is the primary prey for the Canadian lynx. The Canadian lynx is a wild feline that is slightly larger than a bobcat. Scientists plan to investigate the relative sizes of the hare and the lynx populations over a 3-year period.

Based on predator-prey dynamics, which of the following identifies the hypothesis most likely to be supported by the study?

Which of the following can be interpreted from an age-structure diagram of a country?

Based on the data in the age structure diagram, which of the following best describes the population of Country A?

Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following?

1. Cultural traditions
2. Government policies and economic incentives
3. Education level and economic opportunities for females

The world population growth rate in 2015 is about 1 percent. It is expected to drop to 0.5 percent by 2050, partly because of increased access to birth control in developing nations. Another likely cause for the expected decline is

In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate?

Which of the following describes the changes in a country’s demographics as it begins its transition from a preindustrial state to an industrial state?

Which stage has high birth rates and rapidly decreasing death rates as a result of improved access to health care?

In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?

Which soil horizon is best developed in areas with dense vegetation, such as forests and grasslands, since the horizon consists of decomposing leaves and other plant material?

Which soil horizon is the least weathered horizon and contains rock that is starting to break down into soil?

This layer of Earth’s atmosphere has the highest density of any atmospheric layer and contains most of the water vapor in the atmosphere.

Which of the following correctly characterizes one of Earth’s atmospheric layers?

This layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat

Which of the following is a biome found at 30°

Which of the following accurately describes a benefit of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) ?

The cities of Edmonton and Calgary are relatively far north and at high elevation. Which of the following best explains the data presented in their ecological footprints?

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following Canadian cities had the lowest average per capita ecological footprint?

Carbon dioxide equivalent ( CO2

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

Which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO₂ , N₂ , and O₂ in dry air?

Which of the following problems is best addressed with contour plowing?

Which of the following best describes a transform boundary?

Which of the following best explains why the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?

El Niño, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?

The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of

Which of the following best achieves the goal of providing wood products for humans while preserving biodiversity?

Which of the following best explains why City B regularly receives less precipitation than City A?

The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is

In which of the following atmospheric layers does most weather occur?

Which of the following statements best identifies the author’s assumptions in terms of a new green revolution?

Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion?

Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

Based on the soil texture triangle, which of the following would describe soil that was 25% clay, 25% silt, and 50% sand?

What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T?

The Sun’s radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons?

Which of the following is the best example of a tragedy of the commons?