Ch.9 BICH Flashcards

Lipids and proteins are mobile, and can

Saturated fatty acids are saturated with hydrogens which means

meaning of (n:x)

-n=

-x=

What is the structure of myristic acid?

What is the structure of palmitic acid?

What is the structure of stearic acid?

Unsaturated fatty acid have

Oleic acid structure____

Linoleic acid structure ___

Arachidonic acid structure___

Δ^x

Double bonds are cis and

When unsaturated fatty acids have one or more unconjugated double bonds,

Saturated chains optimally pack tightly and form

Unsaturated chains bend and pack in a less ordered way with greater potential

Higher order means more stability and higher

Triacylglycerols (TAG's) are considered to be

TAG's are a major

Most fatty acids in plants and animals exist in the form of

If all fatty acids are the same, the molecule is called a

If two or three fatty acids are different, it is called

a 1,2-diacylglycerol that has a phosphate group esterified at C3 of the glycerol backbone is a

Glycerophospholipid are ____lipids and are essential components of cell membranes

All head groups start with

Look at table 9-2

Phospholipases A₁ and A₂ cleave fatty acids from glycerophospholipids producing

Phospholipases C and D hydrolyze on either side of the phosphate in

Phospholipids play important roles such as

Lipid signals act _______, and have short lifetimes

Ether glycerophospholipids (PAF) properties:

Sphingolipids are frequently present in

Has 18-carbon alcohol, forms the backbone of these lipids

A fatty acid that is joined to sphingosine is linked in

Are ceramides with one or more sugars in beta glycosidic linkage at the hydroxyl group

Glycosphingolipids with one sugar and a single sugar headgroup

Glycosphingolipids with 3 or more sugars, and one of which is a sialic acid

Sphingolipids increase T_m, and

Terpenes are a class of lipids formed from combinations of

Isoprene units have two possible linkages

Steroids are isoprene-based molecules built on a core structure of

What is the most common steroid in animals and precursor for all other steroids?

What are the functions of steroid hormones?

Cortisol provides control of

testosterone is

Estradiol is

Progesterone is a precursor of

Bile salts/acids including cholic and deoxycholic acid are

Are insoluble in water, and serve as water repellant

Classes of lipids

1. Triacylglycerols: energy storage; fats

2. Glycerophospholipids: structural and signaling

3. Sphingolipids: structural

4. sterols (terpenes): structural and signaling

Functions of membranes :

Biological membranes contain as much as ______% protein or as little as _____% protein

Lipids self-associate to form membranes because of

Lipids spontaneously form ordered structures in

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Two classes of proteins:

Slow transverse diffusion of lipids and proteins ______. By contrast lateral diffusion is ______.

Bilayer core dimensions

Peripheral membrane proteins:

Integral membrane proteins are strongly embedded in lipid bilayer and

Transmembrane segment is alpha-helical and consists of

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is found in ____ and consists of____

The sequence of a transmembrane protein is adapted to the transition from water to the

Trp, His, and Tyr are mixtures of

Each alpha helix requires____ per transmembrane strand. Each beta strand requires only ___ per transmembrane strand.

Four types of lipid-anchored proteins:

Amide-linked myristoyl anchors are always linked to the alpha-amino N of Gly residue and

Thioester-linked and acyl anchors are always linked to Cys and

Ethanolamine link to an oligosaccharide linked in turn to

Always attached to a C-terminal carboxyl group of a recognized sequence,

Membranes are asymmetric structures

ATP flipases move PS from the

ATP flopases move lipids including cholesterol, PC< and sphingomyelin from the