Biochemistry-Carbohydrate Flashcards


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created 1 year ago by Sophmore
updated 7 weeks ago by Sophmore
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1

How is CO2 stored in the blood

As Bicarbonate H2CO3

2

Whats do the kidneys do to blood

They turn it into a buffer like solution by absorbing or exerting H+ molecules

3

What does saccharide mean

It came from the greek word, sakkharon that means "sugar"

4

Name examples of Disaccharides

  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose

5

What makes Sucrose

Fractose + glucose

6

What makes lactose

Galactose + glucose

7

What makes maltose

Glucose + Glucose

8
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How Raffinose is made

Galactose+ glucose + fructose

9

What is the other names for D-glucose

Blood sugar, Dextrose

10

Name examples of Polysaccharides

Amylose, amylopectine, glycogen, starch and cellulose

11

Whats the most common hexose(a 6 carbon sugar)

D-glucose

12

Whats the concentration of glucose in the body

70-90mg/dL, dL is deci leter or 10-1

13

What happens to excess Glucose

Turns into glycogen and gets stored in muscles and liver

14

What happens to excess glycogen

The coming glucose Turns into fat after reaching a level where glycogen retainers are filled

15

How does our body get Galactose

By decomposing lactose(since its Glucose +Galactose)

16

Why do we need Galactose?

For the cellular membrane(like making glycolipids for neuronal membrane) of the brain and nervous system, making glycoproteins and glucose for atp

17

Whats the sweetest Carbohydrate

Fructose, its twice as sweet as sucrose

18

Whats the other names for fructose

Levulose

19

Where do you find glucose

Corn, fruits, vegetables, honey

20

Where do you find fructose

Juices and honey

21

What does maltose used in

Cereal and Candies

22

How much lactose is in cow's milk

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4-5%

23

How much lactose is in human milk

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6-8%

24

Whats lactase

Its an enzyme that digests lactose, doesn't allow it to accumulate in the colon to be turned into CO2 or Methane gases

25

How much of starch is amylose

20%

26

How much of starch is amylopectin

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80%

27

How much glucose is in Amylose

250-4000 alpha-D-glucose

28

How often does amylopectin branch

Every 25 units

29

What digests amylose

Saliva

30

What organ digests maltase

Intestine

31

Explain the starch digestion

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Startch-> dextrin(repeating units of glucose)-> maltose-> glucose

32

How much energy does the glucose digested from starch make

50%

33

Where is glycogen stored

Liver and muscles

34

How many glucose units are in glycogen

50, 000 alpha-D-glucose

35

How often does glycogen branch

Every 15 units of glucose

36

How many units of glucose does cellulose have

15, 000 beta-glucose units

37

What digests 1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch

Alpha-amylase in saliva

38

whats the general chemical formula for Monosaccharides?

[CnH2nOn]

39

whats the general chemical formula for Disaccharides?

[Cn(H2O)n–1]

40

whats the general chemical formula for Polysaccharides?

[C6H10O5]n

41

Which of lactose, sucrose and maltose is a reducing sugar?

lactose and maltose are reducing sugars

42

count the heteropolysaccharides?

  • Heparin: anticoagulant in blood, lungs, spleen, kidneys and liver
  • Keratin sulfate
  • mucopolysaccharides(glycosaminoglycans)