How is CO2 stored in the blood
As Bicarbonate H2CO3
Whats do the kidneys do to blood
They turn it into a buffer like solution by absorbing or exerting H+ molecules
What does saccharide mean
It came from the greek word, sakkharon that means "sugar"
Name examples of Disaccharides
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose
What makes Sucrose
Fractose + glucose
What makes lactose
Galactose + glucose
What makes maltose
Glucose + Glucose
How Raffinose is made
Glucose + fructose + Galactose
What is the other names for D-glucose
Blood sugar, Dextrose
Name examples of Polysaccharides
Amylose, glycogen and cellulose
Whats the most common hexose(a 6 carbon sugar)
D-glucose
Whats the concentration of glucose in the body
70-90mg/dL, dL is deci leter or 10-1
What happens to excess Glucose
Turns into glycogen and gets stored in muscles and liver
What happens to excess glycogen
The coming glucose Turns into fat after reaching a level where glycogen retainers are filled
How does our body get Galactose
By decomposing lactose(since its Glucose +Galactose)
Why do we need Galactose?
For the cellular membrane of the brain and nervous system
Whats the sweetest Carbohydrate
Fructose, its twice as sweet as sucrose
Whats the other names for fructose
Levulose
Where do you find glucose
Corn, fruits, vegetables, honey
Where do you find fructose
Juices and honey
What does maltose used in
Cereal and Candies
How much lactose is in cow's milk
4-5%
How much lactose is in human milk
6-8%
Whats lactase
Its an enzyme that digests lactose, doesn't allow it to accumulate in the colon to be turned into CO2 or Methane gases
How much of starch is amylose
20%
How much of starch is amylopectin
80%
How much glucose is in Amylose
250-4000 alpha-D-glucose
How often does anylopectin branch
Every 25 units
What digests amylase
Saliva
What digests maltase
Intestine
Explain the starch digestion
Startch-> dextrin-> maltose-> glucose
How much energy does the glucose digested from starch make
50%
Where is glycogen stored
Liver and muscles
How many glucose units are in glycogen
50, 000 alpha-D-glucose
How often does glycogen branch
Every 15 units of glucose
How many units of glucose does cellulose have
15, 000 beta-glucose units
What digests 1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch
Alpha-amylase in saliva