colonies of which microbes are yellow on culture that contains blood?
staphylococcus aureus
which of the following microbes is catalase and coagulase positive?
staphylococcus aureus
in many cases, the implanted material must be removed to fully treat the patient due to the presence of the?
biofilm
which of the following contributes to pathogenicity?
virulence factors
which of the following infections involves skeleton?
osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a frequent cause of which of the following infections?
all of the answers are correct
which of the following microbes resides in perineal region?
staphylococcus lugdunensis
during which of the following conditions is nikolsky's sign observed?
ssss
the severity of the food poisoning caused by staphylococcus aureus depends on?
the amount of enterotoxin
initial activation of which of the following cells triggers action of superantigens?
T cells
the cells of streptococcus pneumoniae occur in?
pairs
the presence of the polysaccharide capsule makes the strains of strep.pneumoniae?
more virulent and resistant against phagocytes
which streptococciare strictly B-hemolytic
group A
what test differentiates between B-hemolytic streptococci?
bacitracin sensitivity
which of the following is the primary cause of meningitis in children?
which of the following is the primary cause of meningitis in children?Haemophilus influenza
one of the complications of meningitis is hydrocephalus which actually means excess of fluid in?
brain ventricles
strawberry tongue is assign of?
scarlet fever
what strains are the most frequent cause of necrotizing fasciits
GAS
what strains are part of normal microbiome of the vagina?
GBS
what particular type(s) of organism(s) frequently responsible for surgical site infections (SSIs) and health Care Associated Infections (HAIs)?
S aureus and S. epidermidis
cocci arranged in clusters are referred to as staphylococci and are in what shape?
spherical
Bacteria that are able to adapt to various oxygen concentration are termed?
Facultative
which of the following can be a recognized possible complication when an artificial heart valves are implanted?
endocarditis
uncooked homemade foods contaminate by the food preparer or inoculated surfaces have the highest potential for disease transmission and can result into?
all of the answers are correct
in 1978, public health concern identified cases involving menstruating woman who used super- absorbent vaginal tampons frequently or for prolonged period of times. As a result, these women became infected with?
TSS
which of the following type of endocarditis can have a case that can occur within 60 days of implantation?
prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE)
dramatized in recent years by the news media, this condition, otherwise known as the "flesh Eating" bacteria
Necrotizing fascitis
which of the following have cell envelope that contains an antigenic protein called protein M.
streptococcus pyogenes
otitis media accounts for which anatomical structure?
Ear
What strains are part of normal microbiome of the vagina?
GBS
Which of the following is a virulence factor for Bacillus anthracis?
All of these correct
Which of the following bacilli has been reported in a number of cases of severe endophthalmitis?
Bacillus cereus
A state when bacteria reproduces and growths colonies
is called ____?
vegetative
Which of the following bacilli is used for production of bacitracin?
Bacillus subtilis
Hispanic pregnant woman are more likely to become infected with
listeria due to the higher likelihood of
consumption of __?
Unpasteurized milk and Queso fresco
Which bacteria are used as biological indicators?
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Pneumococcal Pneumonia begins when the patient is
infected by ___?
Inhaling respiratory droplets containing bacteria
Which of the following is a route of anthrax transmission?
All of these are correct
What strains are the most frequent cause of necrotizing fascitis?
GAS
How long may the requirements for antibiotic therapy be after exposure to anthrax?
60 days
One of the complications of meningitis is hydrocephalus which actually means excess of fluid in ___?
Brain Ventricles
The cells of Streptococcus pneumoniae occur
in __?
Pairs
Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen that
lives
inside of?
Macrophages
Which of the following is the primary cause of meningitis in children?
Haemophilus influenza
Strawberry tongue is assign of ___?
Scarlet fever
Which of the following bacilli is used for production of bacitracin?
Bacillus subtilis
Which of the following terms means lockjaw?
Trismus
Which of the following is the virulence factor for the Neisseria genus?
Pili and capsule
What is the primary site of infection in females?
Cervix
Gonorrhea in men occurs primarily in?
Urethra
Which of the following may be a symptom of a Gonococcal infection of the rectum?
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is a higher risk for the Individuals with STDs to contract HIV:
Drugs or alcohol
Ophthalmia neonatorum is prevented by instillation of ______________?
Erythromycin
Which of the following is the Kernig's sign?
Hamstring spasms
Experimental therapy involving "fecal transplantation" is used to patients with _____________infections?
Clostridium difficile
Which of the following infections is consider to be an HAI?
Clostridum difficile
Which of the following types of Clostridium perfringens causes necrotizing enteritis?
C
Which of the following is the characteristic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Fastidious
Definitive diagnosis of meningitis is achieved through ___________?
Positive growth of N. meningitidis on culture studies
honey has been found to be the most common cause of?
Infant
Which of the following results in flaccid cranial nerve palsies (paralysis)?
Cephalic tetanus
What is the location of the endotoxins?
Cell Wall
What is the action of botulinum toxins?
Blocks the release of the ACH
Which of the following diseases is caused by Clostridium species?
all of choices are correct
Which of the following is included in the immediate treatment of the tetanus?
All answers are correct
Which mucous cells Neisseria gonorrhoeae can attach to?
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is the deadly infection of the umbilical stump?
Neonatal tetanus
Which of the following is the 3r most common cause of otitis media in children?
M. catarrhalls
Which of the following is the cause of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
Which of the following is the cause of syphilis ?
Treponema pallidum pallidum
Syphilis can, however, be transmitted to a host through. ....
All the above
Syphilis causing bacteria can only live on surfaces outside of the human body approximately --- hours
2
Which of the following famous figures in history suspected of having had a syphilis?
All the above
Today syphilis is generally treated with an injection of ...
Penicillin or 2 week regimen of tetracycline
Which stage is signified by the presence of a chancre?
Primary
The chancre heals without treatment in --- weeks.
3-6
Initial infection during the primary stage is typically followed by swollen and -- lymph nodes.
Painless
During secondary stage of syphilis , a widespread maculopapular pink rash may appear, concentrated especially on the
All the above
A latency period for the syphilis appears between the ----.
Primary and secondary stages
Pregnant females typically ---
Pass the disease to their unborn children as congenital syphilis infection
Tabes dorsalis is a result of invasion of syphilis causing spirochetes into the ---
CNS
Which of the following tests for the detection of antibodies are used for diagnosis of syphilis ?
Both a and b
The gold standard for diagnosis of syphilis is culture, performed in -----
Vivo
Which line is defense includes skin and mucous membrane?
First line of defense
What individual may qualify for Active acquired (adaptive) immunity?
Who have the specific disease
Which of the following is Humoral Immunity based on?
B cells
Which of the following is method of control against microbial growth?
Decontamination