Human anatomy
The study of the body’s structures
Anatomy means what in greek
To cut apart
gross anatomy
the study of larger structures that can be seen with help of magnification
microscopic anatomy
the study of small structures that can only be viewed with help of magnifications such as microscopes
regional anatomy
study of the interracial of all the structured in a region
such as the studying the blood vessels, muscles, and nerves of that region of the body
the abdomen is an example of which study
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
the study of the structures that make a specific body system
the muscular system is an example of what study
systemic anatomy
physiology
study of the chemistry and physics of the structures and how they function and work together to support the functions of life
assimulation
changing nutrients into chemically different forms
ex: atp production
characteristics of life
movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion
example of homeostatsis
homeostatic mechanisms regulating the temp of the the body like a heating thermostat
control systems
homeostasis is regulated through ____ that have receptors, a set point and effectors
identifies a change in the physiology condition
positive feedback ..... rather than reversing it
back to within range
negative feedback brings you....
normal range
each individual uses homeostaticmechanisms to keep the body levels within ____ ____
homeostatis
Maintenace of a stable internal environment
fundamental levels of organization that increase in complexity
atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms and biosphere
molecules
building blocks of matter
organelles
flexible membranes that enclose the cytoplasm that make up a cell
cells
smallest independent unit of a living organism
tissue
group of cells that work together to preform a specific fucntion
organs
anatomically distinct structure of the body that contains two or more tissue types
sickle cell animia
not getting enough oxygen because of the c shaped cells
both ___ and ___ of these factors are important
quality and quantity
liffe depends on the availability of the ...
water- required for metabolic reactions, for transport of substances, and temperature regulation
food- nutrients needed to supply energy and raw materials for building new living matter
oxygen- used in releasing energy for nutrients
heat- by product of metabloism
pressure- force required to facilitate movement of air and fluids
organ systems
group of organs that work together to preform major functions
the human body is organized in a way that....
protects from external threats
integumentary system
enclosed internal body structures and is site of many sensory receptors
things found in integumentary system
skin, hair, and nails are
skeletal system
supports the body, enables movement along with muscular system, and houses blood forming tissues
things found in the skeletal system
cartilage, bones, and joints
muscular system
enables movement along with the skeletal system, helps maintain body temperature, and posture
things in the muscular system
skeletal muscles and tendons
nervous system
detects and processes sensory, activates bodily responses. sends impulses to muscles and glands
things found in the nervous system
brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
endocrine system
secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes, helps to integrate metabolic fluids
things found in the endocrine system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries
cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing wastes from the cells, equalizes temperature of the body
thinsg found in the cardiovasculat system
heart, blood vessels
lympatic system
returns fluids to blood, defends againsts pathogens
things in lymphatic system
thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessles
repiratory system
removes carbon dioxide from the body. delivers oxygen to the blood
things in the respiratory system
nasal passage, trachea, lungs
digestive system
processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food
things in the digestive system
stomach, liver, gall bladder, lARGE AND SMALL INTESTINE
URINARY SYTEM
controls waste balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them
things in the urinary system
kidneys, and urinary bladder
male reproductive system
produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female
things in the male reproductive system
testes, epidymis
female reproductive system
produces sex hormones and gametes. supports embryo/fetus until birth. produces milk for infant
things in the female reproductive sytem
mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
anabolism
process where smaller simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex molecules
energy
anabolism requires ....
example of anabolism
you breathe in oxygen amd make CO2
catabolism
process in which larger complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules
energy
catabolism releases ....
metabolism
sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body
ATP
need ____ to store and release energy
nutrient
substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival
example of nutrients
water, nutrients, micronutrients- vitamins and minerals
energy yielding nutrients
carbohydrates and lipids are
atmospheric pressure
pressure xercted by the mixture of gases in earth's atmosphere which keeps our body functioning
set point
physiological value around the which the value around which the normal range fluctuates
ex of negative feedback
shivering, short fever. platelets when a cut
components of negative feedback
stimulus, sensor, control, effector, response, back to stimulus