Module 3: Terminology Flashcards


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Module 3 Overview: Integumentary/ Infection Control/Inflammatory Process/ Musculoskeletal System - review
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1

Diaphoresis

excessive sweating usually due to a secondary condition

- common causes include: menopause, hyperthyroidism, and types of medications

2

Scoliosis

a deviation in the lateral curvature of the spine; curved spine

3

Kyphosis

increase in the thoracic curvature of the spine; hunchback

4

Epiphyses

the ends of long bones; made of cancellous bone

5

lordosis

exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine; sway back

6

Osteoporosis

is the significant loss of bone mass and strength w/ an increased risk for fracture

7

Flat bones

include the sternum; main function is to provide vital organ protection

8

clonus

a rhythmic contraction of the muscle; occurs when the ankle is dorsiflexed or the wrist is extended

9

Fasciculations

involuntary twitching of muscle fibers groups

10

Contractures

are prolonged tightening of muscle groups

11

effusion

the pathologic escape of body fluid; the college iron of excessive fluid within the capsule of a joint

12

Tonus

state of readiness for muscles; produced by maintenance of some of the muscle fibers in a contracted state

13

Spasticity

a muscle with greater-than-normal tone

14

Atony

soft and flabby muscle tone

15

Flaccidity

a muscle that is limp and without tone

16

Bone Densitometry

used to detect bone density and can be used to assess the risk of fractures in osteoporosis

17

Arthrography

used to detect acute or chronic tears of joint capsule or supporting ligaments

18

Bone scans

used to detect metastatic and primary bone tumors, osteomyelitis, certain fractures, and aseptic necrosis

19

Athroscopy

used to visualize a joint

20

Telangiectasias

consist of red marks on the skin caused by the stretching of superficial blood vessels

21

Ecchymosis

aka bruises

22

purpura

consist of pinpoint hemorrhages into the skin

23

Urticariais

aka wheals or hives

24

Cherry angiomas

appear as bright red "moles"; common in the elderly, usually benign

25

solar lentigo

aka "liver spots"

26

Seborrheickeratoses

described as crusty brown "stuck on" patches

27

Xanthelasma

appears as yellowish, waxy deposits on the upper eyelids

28

Macules

is a flat, non palpable skin color change

29

papule

is an elevated, solid, palpable mass

30

vesicle

circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid

31

pustule

a puss-filled vescicle

32

Addison's disease

patient will exhibit a bronze discoloration to their skin due to increased melanin production

33

Nodule

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- a growth of abnormal tissue; can develop just below the skin, develop in deeper skin tissues, or internal organs

- a solid skin lesion more than 1 cm and usually involve deeper layers of skin

34

wheal (weal)

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aka hives; superficial skin-colored or pale skin sweeping, usually surrounded by erythema

35

vesicle

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- break easily and release fluid onto the skin

- is small, no more than 5 millimeters wide (if larger its called a bulla)

aka blister

36

Skin lesion

any area of skin that's abnormal from the skin around it; are very common and often the result of damage to the skin (ex: injury)

- very general (literally all others term fit under this umbrella term)

37

excoriation disorder

aka skin picking disorder or dermatillomania

main sign = can't stop picking skin

38

keloid

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type of scar; is a smooth, hard growth that occurs as a result of excessive scar formation

39

exudate

is any fluid released by an organism through pores or a wound

40

pallor

- is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock, stress, stimulant use, or anemia

- check lips, lining of eyes, palms of hands, inside of mouth, and surface of tongue is pallor is suspected on patients with darker skin

41

petechiae

are round freckle-like spots that appear on the skin; occur due to bleeding from the capillaries that attached arteries to the veins

- may look like a rash and are red, brown, or purple

42

cyanosis

bluish tone to the skin, lips, or nails; occurs when the blood lacks oxygen

43

nosocomial

a hospital-acquired infection

44

purulent

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

45

serous

any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow or transparent; of a benign nature

46

jaundice

condition where the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes (inside of nose and mouth) turn yellow

47

pustule

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a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus (<1 cm)

48

turgor

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the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells or tissues, typically due to the absorption of fluid

- can be sign of hydration

49

serosanguineous

means contains or relates to both blood and the liquid part of blood (serum)

50

fissure

is small tear in the skin

51

edema

is swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body's tissues; can affect any part of the body but is most likely to show up in the legs and feet

52

sanguineous

fluid that resembles or contains blood

53

ulcer

are injuries to the skin and tissue below the skin that are due to pressure on the skin for a long time; usually found over a bony prominence

54

erythema

superficial Redding of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irrational causing dilation of the blood capillaries

55

crepitus

grating/cracking sound or sensation act a point of motion; usually a sign of a fracture

56

supination

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rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward

57

abduction

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movement of a body part away from the main axis

58

pronation

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rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards

59

adduction

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movement of a body part toward the main axis

60

hemiparesis

is one-sided muscle weakness

61

inversion

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the condition of being turned inward; refers to the medial rotation of the foot frequently leading to a sprained ankle

62

circumduction

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circular movement of a body segment, such as a limb

63

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body (either the right or left side of the body); can be temporary or permanent

64

flexion

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movement that decreases the angle of a joint

65

eversion

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lateral rotation of the foot; the act of turning inside out

66

paralysis

the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes feel anything) in part or most of the body

67

cachexic/cachexia

aka wasting syndrome; is a condition that causes significant weight loss or muscle loss

- often affects people w/ sever chronic disease like advanced cancer and heart disease

68

extension

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a type of movement that increases the angle of a joint in a sagittal plane (ex: straightening the knee)