Blood is a component of which fluid compartment?
Extracellular fluid
Which of the following are features of blood?
- Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues to promote cellular respiration
- Removes carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from tissues
- Easily changes pH and temperature to maintain homeostasis
- Prevents fluid loss through clotting
Albumins (plasma proteins)
Prevent swelling and shrinkage of cells
Globulins (plasma proteins)
Defend the body against foreign pathogens
Fibrinogens (plasma proteins)
Prevent fluid loss during injury
Hormones (plasma proteins)
Serve as ligands for receptors throughout the body
Two males volunteer to donate 50mL of blood, one is 6’2” and weighs 250lbs, the other is 5’5” and weighs 140 lbs. Assuming both are healthy, the hematocrit of the larger individual should be ___
The same
Erythrocytes
Formed elements
Globulins
Plasma
Leukocytes
Formed elements
Ions
Plasma
Albumins
Plasma
Thrombocytes
Formed elements
Hormones
Plasma
The shape of an erythrocyte is ___
Biconcave
Because of their unique shape, red blood cells ___
- Flex as they navigate through narrow capillaries
- Experience greater shear stress
Place the following cells in order, starting with the most undifferentiated and ending with the most mature cell.
- Hematopoietic stem cell
- Myeloid stem cell
- Proerythroblast
- Basophilic erythroblast
- Polychromatic erythroblast
- Orthochromatic erythroblast
- Reticulocyte
- Erythrocyte
What do you think is wrong with this patient (pale, in and out of consciousness, low blood pressure)?
Internal bleeding
In comparison to women, men have a ___ blood volume and ___ hematocrit
Higher; higher
How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin carry?
4
The Bohr effect ___
Is a decrease in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
Biliverdin reductase is the enzyme responsible for biliverdin conversion. Individuals with biliverdin reductase deficiency might have decreased ___
Bilirubin
What do you expect to find in the MRI or the blood workup (sickle cell syndrome)?
Enlarged or damaged spleen
Place the following classes of leukocytes in order of increasing abundance
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Neutrophils
Neutrophils
Many-lobed nuclei, stain light purple
Basophils
Nuclei with two lobes, stain dark blue
Eosinophils
Nuclei with two lobes, stain red
Lymphocytes
Nuclei that take up majority of cell volume; stain blue and purple
Monocytes
Large u-shaped nuclei; stain blue and purple
Neutrophils function
Secrete hydrolytic enzymes; effective against bacteria
Monocytes function
Phagocytic cells; common outside of the bloodstream
Basophils function
Do not attack foreign cells; regulate inflammation
Eosinophils function
Effective at fighting pathogens other than bacteria; regulate inflammation
Lymphocytes function
Responsible for attacking invading cells and antibody production
Place the following stages of neutrophil differentiation in order, starting with the most mature and ending with the most undifferentiated cell
- Neutrophil
- Neutrophilic band cell
- Myelocyte
- Promyelocyte
- Myeoloblast
- Myeloid stem cell
Blood type A
A antigen
Blood type B
B antigen
Blood type AB
A antigen and B antigen
Blood type O
No antigens
Blood type A (antibodies)
Anti-B antibody
Blood type B (antibodies)
Anti-A antibody
Blood type AB (antibodies)
No antibodies
Blood type O (antibodies)
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Endothelin
Clot formation
ADP
Clot formation
Thrombin
Clot formation
tPA
Clot dissolution
Fibrinogen
Clot formation
Ca2+
Clot formation
Plasmin
Promotes clot dissolution
Tissue factor
Promotes clot formation
Nitric oxide
Inhibits clot formation
Heparin
Inhibits clot formation
Protein C
Inhibits clot formation