The diameter of a sequencing nanopore should be close to
Diameter of single-stranded DNA
Length of a sequencing nanopore should be close to
Distance between nucleotides in DNA strand
Both graphene sequencing nanopores and α-hemolysin channel sequencing nanopores are limited by
DNA translocation is too fast
Which ion parameter is measured in Mass Spectrometry
None of the above (mass charge ratio)
What is the source of charge of protein molecules in the Electrospray Ionization method?
External power supply
What is the source of charge of protein molecules in the MALDI ionization method?
Matrix
In a Time-of-Flight mass analyzer:
Lighter ions will arrive to the detector first
What is the purpose of the first mass spectrometer in the Tandem Mass Spectrometry?
select a peptide
Trypsin is used in Mass Spectrometry because it
Digests each protein into fragments
The fluorophore part of GFP is made from
Amino acid residues
Changing the excitation spectrum of a GFP is accomplished by
gene mutation
Why do GFPs have lower rates of photobleaching and phototoxicity than organic fluorophores
GFPs protein structure provides protection from free radicals
Photon energy is proportional to the light wave
Frequency
The frequency of the emitted fluorescent light in comparison to the frequency of the absorbed light is
smaller
Which ion parameter is changed when an ion mirror is added to a Time-of-Flight mass analyzer?
ion path length
Fluorescent dye molecules for staining mitochondria are electrically:
positive
Generic (non-specific) DNA fluorescent dye molecules are electrically:
positive
DNA staining with generic fluorescent dyes can be performed
In live or dead cells
In cell imaging, non-specific fluorescent DNA dyes are typically used to stain
nucleus
Immunofluorescence allows imagine of what
proteins
Immunofluorescent probes may include...
Small organic fluorophores, quantum dots, and proteins
In comparison to organic fluorophores, quantum dots are likely to have
Stronger long-term chemical toxicity
The emission spectrum of a quantum dot in comparison to a typical organic fluorophore is:
narrower
The absorption spectrum of a quantum dot in comparison to a typical organic fluorophore is:
wider
A decrease of quantum dot diameter will have the following effect on the wavelength of its fluorescence emission
decrease
What is the cause of fluorophore photobleaching?
Interaction of excited fluorophore with surrounding molecules
Which fluorophores are membrane-permeable (may diffuse passively through membrane)?
none