Med Term: Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards

Immunity developed from an individual’s own immune system.

Inflammation occurring for a limited time period; rapidly developing.

A relatively slow but very specific and effective immune response controlled by lymphocytes.

Vessels that lead into a lymph node.

Antigens that evoke type 1 hypersensitivity (allergy) responses.

Specialist who specializes in treating individuals with a hypersensitivity to allergens.

Inflammatory response due to a hypersensitivity to a substance that normally is harmless or would not cause an immune response in most people.

A severe and sometimes life-threatening immune system reaction to an antigen that a person has been previously exposed to. The reaction may include itchy skin, edema, collapsed blood vessels, fainting, difficulty in breathing, and death.

A protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response). Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen.

Substances that provokes an immune response. This happens because the immune system sees the antigen as foreign, or ‘non-self” (does not belong in that body).

Programmed cell death.

Disorders in which the immune system overreacts and begins to attack itself.

Lymphocytes that act by differentiating into an antibody-secreting plasma cell.

Antipathogen defenses deriving from a barrier that physically prevents pathogens from entering the body to establish an infection.

Tissue found inside bones; the site of all blood cell differentiation and maturation of B lymphocytes.

Lymphoid nodule associated with the respiratory tract.

CD4 is the receptor that HIV uses to get inside T cells and reproduce. CD4+ helper T cells play an important role in T cell immune responses and antibody responses.

Soluble, long-range, cell-to-cell communication molecule.

Movement in response to chemicals; a phenomenon in which injured or infected cells and nearby leukocytes emit the equivalent of a chemical “911” call, attracting more leukocytes to the site.

Ongoing inflammation that can be caused by foreign bodies, persistent pathogens, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Lipid-rich lymph inside the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine.

A sac-like chamber that receives lymph from the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs by way of the left and right lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk.

Enzymatic cascade of constitutive blood proteins that have antipathogen effects, including the direct killing of bacteria.

A signaling molecule that allows cells to communicate with each other over short distances.

Lymphatic vessels of the organs.

Vessels that lead out of a lymph node.

An immune reaction between maternal and fetal blood due to the Rh antigen; also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

The combining of gene segments from two different pathogens.

A condition that can occur in bone marrow transplant recipients; occurs when the transplanted cells mount an immune response against the recipient’s tissue.

A vasodilator involved in the inflammatory response.

An infectious disease transmitted through semen, vaginal fluids, and blood that suppresses the immune system. HIV infection may be managed with antiviral drugs or may progress to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Reacting to something that would not normally evoke a reaction.

Series of barriers, cells, and soluble mediators that combine to response to infections of the body with pathogenic organisms.

Resistant to the effects of pathogens.

The decreased ability of the body to fight infections and other diseases.

Ability of the adaptive immune response to mount a stronger and faster immune response upon re-exposure to a pathogen.

The study of the body’s immune system.

A firm, raised reddened patch of skin.

Basic innate immune response characterized by heat, redness, pain, and swelling.

Fast-acting non-specific immune mechanisms that are present from birth.

Between cells.

Early induced proteins made in virally infected cells that cause nearby cells to make antiviral proteins.

Extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels.

Spaces between individual cells in the tissues.

Inside the cell membrane or within the cell.

A cancer involving an abundance of leukocytes.

The term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system.

One of the bean-shaped organs found associated with the lymphatic vessels.

Smallest of the lymphatic vessels and the origin of lymph flow.

Network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and ducts that carries lymph from the tissues and back to the bloodstream.

Large lymphatics that collect lymph from smaller lymphatic vessels and empties into the blood via lymphatic ducts.

The second most common type of leukocyte and are essential for the immune response.

Unencapsulated patches of lymphoid tissue found throughout the body.

A form of cancer in which masses of malignant T and/or B lymphocytes collect in lymph nodes, the spleen, the liver, and other tissues. These leukocytes do not function properly, and the patient is vulnerable to infection.

A large cell derived from a monocyte; they participate in innate immune responses.

Protein structures found on the outside of cells that help the immune system recognize non-self antigens.

Cell found in the skin and the lining of body cells that contains cytoplasmic granules with vasoactive mediators such as histamine.

Long-lived immune cells reserved for future exposure to a pathogen.

A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow.

Lymphoid nodule associated with the mucosa.

Epithelial membranes that line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external environment.

Mature B or T cell that has not yet encountered antigen for the first time.

Cytotoxic lymphocyte of innate immune response.

Phagocytic white blood cell recruited from the bloodstream to the site of infection via the bloodstream.

A process by which an antibody or an antimicrobial protein binds to a pathogen, thereby marking it as a target for phagocytes.

Transfer of immunity to a pathogen to an individual that lacks immunity to this pathogen usually by the injection of antibodies.

An organism that causes a disease.

Movement of material from the outside to the inside of the cells via vesicles made from invaginations of the plasma membrane; process where some white blood cells engulf invading microorganisms.

A type of B lymphocyte that produces antibodies, which bind to specific foreign or abnormal antigens in order to destroy them.

Immune system’s response to the first exposure to a pathogen.

Site where lymphocytes mature and proliferate; for example, red bone marrow and the thymus gland.

Drains lymph fluid from the upper right side of the body into the right subclavian vein.

A bacteria that is commonly found in minor skin infections, as well as in the nose of some healthy people.

Immune response observed upon re-exposure to a pathogen, which is stronger and faster than a primary response.

Sites where lymphocytes mount adaptive immune responses, examples include lymph nodes and spleen.

The reciprocal relationship between virus levels in the blood and antibody levels.

A rare, inherited disease that is marked by a lack of B and T lymphocytes.

Secondary lymphoid organ that filters pathogens from the blood (white pulp) and removes degenerating or damaged blood cells (red pulp).

Lymphatic vessels of the subcutaneous tissues of the skin.

A chronic, inflammatory, connective tissue disease that can affect the joints and many organs; also called lupus.

Lymphocyte that acts by secreting molecules that regulate the immune system or by causing the destruction of foreign cells, viruses, and cancer cells.

Large duct that drains lymph from the lower limbs, left thorax, left upper limb, and the left side of the head.

A type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system and develops from stem cells in the bone marrow; also called T cells and T lymphocytes.

Primary lymphoid organ, where t lymphocytes proliferate and mature.

The determination of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the tissue to be transplanted to better match the donor to the recipient.

Lymphoid nodules associated with the nasopharynx.

A killed or weakened pathogen or its components that, when administered to a healthy individual, leads to the development of immunological memory (a weakened primary immune response) without causing much in the way of symptoms.

The physiological widening of blood vessels by relaxing the vascular smooth muscle.

A soft, pale swelling at the site surrounded by a red zone.