A & P LECT Exam review Flashcards


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anatomy & physiology 2
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1

Formed elements of blood

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

2

Ranking the components of blood that separate from each other when a blood sample is centrifuged starting from the most superior one.

Plasma, buffer coat, formed element

3

The main artery supplying arterial flow to the lower limb.

Iliac (any answer choice that has iliac in it.

4

The most common site/vessel for blood pressure measurement with the sphygmomanometer.

Brachial Artery

5

The position of the radical artery relative to the ulnar artery.

Lateral

6

The term descriptive of alternative routes of blood supply.

Collateral circulation

7

The body location where circulating WBCs spend most of their lives.

Bloodstream

8

The definition of Hemostasis

Cessation of blood flow

9

Differentiate between what is/what is not a function of blood.

Function= Substance distribution, substance level regulation, body protection.

10

The components of the buffy coat of a centrifuged blood.

Agranulocyte, Granulocyte, Platelets

11

The most abundant protein in plasma

albumin (60%)

12

The antigen(s) found on the surface of RBCs of blood type A,B,AB,or O

A=A, B=B, AB= A&B, 0=None

13

The results of agglutination when mixing type A blood with anti-A serum in one well and with anti-B serum in a second separate well

Anti-A serum will show agglutination but anti-B will not.

14

The space enclosing the heart.

Pericardium

15

Identifying the factors(s) that would decrease the velocity of blood flow.

Viscosity, density, and velocity of fluid

16

Whether hemoglobin is normally found in plasma

False

17

The most abundant agranulocytes.

Lymphocytes

18

Given the blood A, determine the: RBCs Antigens, Plasma Antibodies, compatible recipients

Antigen: A, Antibody: B, Recipients: A & AB

19

Given the blood AB, determine the: RBCs Antigens, Plasma Antibodies, compatible donors

Antigen: A&B, Antibodies: None, Donors: A,B,AB,O

20

WBCs that classified as a granulocyte

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

21

Rank white blood cells from least numerous to most numerous.

Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocytes, lymphocytes, Neutrophils

22

The name of the circuit that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart.

Pulmonary circuit, & pulmonary circulation

23

The double-walled sac that surrounds the heart.

Pericardium

24

Given some transfusions, determine whether each transfusion is compatible or not compatible.

They are only compatible if they have the same antigens.

25

Defining glycogen, where can be found normally in the body (tissues, organs, body fluids)

Found in skeletal muscle and liver supplies glucose to the blood stream during fasting periods & to the muscle cells during muscle contraction.

26

The gases transported by RBCs

Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide

27

Whether O2 & CO2 bind to the same or different parts of hemoglobin.

They bind to different parts of hemoglobin

28

The form of excess iron stored in the liver

ferritin

29

The type of cells that monocytes differentiate into tissues.

Macrophages or Dendritic cells

30

The absence of what substance that differentiate between serum and plasma

Fibrinogen, Clotting Proteins

31

The substance to which transported O2 in blood is bound to.

The Heme

32

The results of agglutination when mixing type O blood with anti-A serum in one well and with anti-B serum in a second separate well.

No agglutination will be found.

33

The cell that has a large nucleus that fills most of the cell.

Lymphocytes.

34

The white blood cell that represents the greatest percentage in a normal differential count the formed element that comprises.

Neutrophils

35

The formed element that makes the highest percentage of blood volume, and the name of the measurement using that percentage.

Name= Erythrocytes/Red blood cells (45%) & Measurement= hematocrit

36

The valve regulating the passage of blood from the atria to the ventricles

Atrioventricular Valve

37

The structure of the heart performs its work

Veins & arteries

38

The vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood.

superior vena cava & Inferior vena cava

39

The name of the pacemaker that starts each heart beat.

Sinus Node

40

The different parts of the conduction system of the heart

Sinoatrial Node, Atrioventricular Node, Bundle of HIS (Atrioventricular Bundle), & Purkinje Fibers.

41

The number of vessels returning blood to the heart.

7

42

the number of vessels returning blood to the right side of the heart.

3

43

the number of vessels returning oxygenated blood to the heart.

4 pulmonary veins

44

The number of vessels returning non-oxygenated blood to the heart.

2 (superior/inferior) vena cava

45

The vessels that have the thickest tunica media

Arteries

46

The name of the outermost wall of an artery or vein & the name of the tiny vessels associated with large arteries and veins.

Tunica externa & capillaries

47

The circulatory location where the greatest volume of blood is found.

Veins

48

Calculating MAP given the values of systolic and diastolic pressures

MAP= Diastolic pressure + 1/3 Pulse pressure (pulse pressure= systolic-diastolic)

49

The factor that has the most important effect on blood velocity

Vessel radius

50

The structure that regulates blood flow through a capillary bed?

Precapillary Sphincter

51

The vessels that have pulsatile blood flow.

Coronary Arteries

52

The circuit that can be described as the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.

Pulmonary circuit

53

whether the pulmonary circuit provides nourishment to and waste removal from lung tissues

False

54

The circulatory site/location where exchange of nutrients and gasses between the blood and tissues takes place.

Capillaries

55

The collection site. of the venous blood of the coronary circulation

Coronary Sinus

56

The suggestive diagnosis of an abnormally high number of monocytes.

Autoimmune disease

57

Whether a person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen B

True

58

Whether incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs antigens.

True (agglutination) for antigens coming into the body that are foreign.

59

Whether coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.

True

60

The two organs where most RBCs die

Spleen & Liver

61

The deficiency of what nutrient that causes pernicious anemia.

Vitamin B12 & Intrinsic Factor

62

The ABO blood group is determined by what chemical substance in the plasma membrane of RBCs.

Antigen/ Glycolipids

63

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone with what blood type(s) and can receive RBCs from someone of what blood type.

Donate: A & AB / Recipient: A & O

64

The antigens found on RBCs of blood type AB

A&B

65

Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin.

Destroy the antibody that will attack D+

66

The blood type of the universal donor of RBCs

O-

67

The antigen(s) and antibodies in an individual with type B, Rh-positive blood

Antigen: B,D & Antibodies: A

68

The least abundant of the formed elements.

White blood cells (Basophils)

69

The WBC cells typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

True (Neutrophils)

70

The WBC cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin.

True (Basophils)

71

The condition of having total count of WBCs more than 10,000 WBCs/uL

Leukocytosis

72

The largest Leukocyte that has typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus.

Monocytes

73

The specific term indicating cessation of bleeding.

Hemostasis

74

The term referring to abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel and the term referring to the broken clot piece traveling in the bloodstream.

Abnormal clot= Thrombus &
Broken clot piece= Embolus

75

Where in the body the hemopoietic stem cells are found.

Red bone marrow

76

Whether the pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart.

False (Only on the right side)

77

Whether the systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.

False

78

Given a group of blood vessel, determine which one(s) belong(s) to the pulmonary circuit.

Pulmonary artery & Pulmonary veins

79

The relative location of the apex of the heart in the body.

most inferior, anterior, & lateral

80

The most superficial layer enclosing the heart.

parietal pericardium

81

The location of the pericardial fluid

between visceral and parietal serous pericardium

82

The names superior and inferior chambers of the heart.

Superior: Atria / Inferior: Ventricle

83

The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles.

Interventricular Sulcus

84

The names of the area of the heart where the major vessels lead to and from the hearts chambers and that of the other pointy, inferior portion.

Atria & Ventricle

85

The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between what chambers of the heart

Right Atria & Right Ventricle

86

The heart valve(s) through which oxygen-poor blood passes through.

Right tricuspid valve & Pulmonary Valve

87

The valve that regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs.

Pulmonary Valve

88

Where the chordae tendineae of the AV valves are anchored to the of the the ventricles.

Papillary Muscles

89

The furthest point a red blood cell can travel after entering the right atrium.

Superior Vena Cava

90

The cause of the pacemaker potential.

A slow in flow of Na+ without compensating outflow of K

91

The value of the heart rate if the SA node is damaged.

40-60 beats per minute

92

The source of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

93

The cause of the first sound of the heart.

Atrioventricular node snap shut

94

The cause of the second sound of the heart.

Semilunar valves snap shut

95

Defining the pulse pressure.

Pressure from difference in systole and diastole.

96

Defining the stroke volume.

Amount of blood pumped out by 1 ventricle w/ each beat

97

Defining bradycardia.

Slow heart rate

98

Defining the cardiac output.

Amount of blood pushed out of the ventricles.

99

The value of blood pressure at the aorta and at the end of the vena cava.

Aorta: 120 / Vena Cava: 0