characteristics of kingdom fungi
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Nutrition includes:
saprobes, parasites, & mycorhizzae
• Mycorhizzae: ecto &
endo
• Haploid dominant
• Basic unit is hyphae
•
Mycelium is mat of hypha, like a spiderweb
Use of exoenzymes which digest outside of fungus
• Fungi use
extra-cellular digestion
• Sexual reproduction costs lots of
energy, therefore, will do
asexual mode if environment permits
coenocytic
cell not separated into individual cell cross walls
dikaryotic
two living nuclei not connecting
heterikaryotic
mix of dikarotic and coenocytic
phylum cryptomycota
hidden fungus found in marine and fresh waters
live with and w/o oxygen
most are parasites
phylum microsprodia
unicellular parasite of animals
nosema ceranae linked to honeybee hive collapse
no flagellated spores as seen in other basal
fungi
(Chytridiomycota), has harpoon structure used to infect host
produce cell wall of chitin
phylum CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
found in lake and soil
saprobes and parasites
diverged in early fungal evolution
cell wall of chitin
• Has flagellated spores, zoospores, which is not a traditionally
fungal
characteristic
• Batachochytrium dendrobatidis has
been linked to amphibian decline
Mutualistic Symbiosis
Fungal partner is usually Ascomycota
• Fungus gives overall
shape; retards water loss; brings in
phosphorous; protects
partner from UV radiation
• Photosynthetic partner is either
green algae or cyanobacteria
• Photosynthetic partner gives
fungal member, sugar
• Each member usually cannot survive by
itself
• Soredia are packets of both partners used in reproduction