chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to...
-cardiovascular disease
-Depression
-Impaired cognitive Function
-Autoimmune disease
Aldosterone may increase during stress leading to?
-Decreased urinary output
-increased sodium retention
-Increased blood volume
Virus differ from most bacteria in that they
-enter the host cell
-use the hosts metabolic
-do not produce toxins
Infectious injury often results from
-Exotoxins
-Endotoxins
-self destruction of cells
-Enzymes from white blood cells
Bacteria cause injury to cells by
-Producing exotoxins
-producing endotoxins
-producing destructive enzymes
-evoking an immune reaction
The is the study of causes for disease and injury
Etiology
The is the subjective feeling of abnormally in the body
Clinical manifestations
Remission is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury,or surgical procedure
False
The validity is the degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure
True
Which of the following is an example factor that would affect the epidemiology
Southeast Asia ethnicity
Risk factors are not stressors but conditions that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor
true
which of the following is an endogenous opioid
Endorphins
The is the behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping mechanisms
Predisposing factor
The is the first manifestation of most forms of reversible cell injury
Hydropic swelling
Hyperplasia is when the cells shrink and reduce
False
The is the replacement of one differentiated cell with another
Metaplasia
Which one is false about liquefactive necrosis?
opposite -This type of necrosis involves the complete digestion of cells and is not going to maintain the structure:
which is the most common type of necrosis
Coagulative necrosis
which is false about gas gangrene
the causative organism is aerobic
necrosis occurs when the injury is too severe or prolonged
true
ischemia is the most common cause of cell injury and injures cells faster than hypoxia alone
true
what are the common causes of malnutrition (select all that apply)
- reduced dietary intake.
- reduced absorption of macro- and/or micronutrients.
- increased losses or altered requirements.
- increased energy expenditure (in specific disease processes).
The is the process by which cancer cells escape their tissue of origin
Metastisis
The greater the degree of anaplasia the greater the degree of malignant potential T/F
True
which of the following is true about radiation therapy ?
Beta-radiation source is typically used in radiation therapy of cancer.
Dna is most susceptible to injury