anaerobic
doesn't require oxygen (GLYCOLYSIS)
aerobic
requires oxygen (KREBS AND ETC)
difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
the products of one are the reactants of the other
equation for cellular respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy -> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
overall goal of glycolysis
to split glucose into 2 pyruvic acids (two 3 carbon molecules)
what is the role of NADH
high energy election carrier (brings e- to the ETC)
how much ATP is produced in glycolysis
4 ATP molecules
how much ATP is netted during glycolysis
2 ATP molecules
(-2+4=2)
2 advantages of glycolysis
1) makes ATP
2) doesn't cause quick carbon separation "explosion"
where does the krebs cycle take place
mitochondrial matrix
over all goal of the krebs cycle
to create NADH and FADH2 to bring e- to the ETC to finish the process of cellular respiration
first step of the krebs cycle
Oxaloacetate = Aceytl-COA = citrate ****
how many times does the krebs cycle happen per glucose molecule
2x
how many ATP produced in Krebs cycle
2
what is the roll of FADH2
FADH2 brings e- to the ETC so it can finish cellular respiration
CO2 in the krebs cycle
waste product (exhaled or other things)
ATP in the krebs cycle
used to power the cells activities (the organism)
high energy electron carries NADH and FADH2 in the krebs cycle
they are used in the ETC (bring e-)
where does the ETC take place
mitochondrion membrane + matrix
what is the purpose of the ETC
to make lots of ATP by converting ADP into ATP
how is water produced
the e- and the hydrogen ions bodn with O2 to make H2O at the end of the ETC
what is the final electron acceptor
O2
how many ATP's are generated in ETC
34 ATP
byproducts of glycolysis
NADH+
byproducts of krebs cycle
CO2
byproducts of ETC
H2O
how many ATP molecules are produced in cellular respiration
38 ATP
anaerobic respiration forms
lactic acid or alcohol (fermentation)
common food that use fermentation
lactic acid - cheese, yogurt, sour cream
alcohol - bread, beer, wine
monosaccharides vs disacchardies
mono ferments faster because it's already the smallest it can be compared to DI = 2
cells can do ____ without O2
glycolysis
without O2 _______ isn'r recycled and the cells run out of it
NAD+
during fermentation cells convert _____________ by passing high energy e- to pyruvic acid
NADH -> NAD+
lactic acid equation
Pyruvic acid + NADH -> Lactic Acid + NAD+
Lactic Acid
convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid
doesn't give off excess CO2
regenerates NAD+
examples -> cheese, yogurt, buttermilk
how does lactic acid go away
a metabolic pathway that requires O2
when O2 is present
glucose can be broken down into CO2 and water
first 90 seconds of exersize
our bodies make lactic acid
Alcohol Fermentation
converts pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol
gives off CO2
regenerates NAD +
yeasts and other microbes
Alcohol fermentation equation
Pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + NAD+ + CO2
converts sugars into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol