Tissues Flashcards

1. epithelial

2. connective

3. muscular

4. nervous

◦ Covers body surfaces
◦ Lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts
◦ Form glands

◦doesn't move

Protects and supports the body and associated organs

doesn't move

◦ Specialized cells which contract and generate force
◦ Generates heat

◦ moves and has three types

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

◦ Detects changes in conditions inside and outside of the
body
◦ Generate electrical signal

◦ communication and sensing

Generates and conducts nerve impulses

◦ Provides metabolic and physical support of neurons
◦ 5:1 ratio when compared to the number of neurons

epithelial and connective tissues and found within the body's organs

connective

blood vessels

to allows epithelial
tissue to receive the nutrients and oxygen that it needs, as well allow for removal of waste products

in single or multiple layers

◦ Selective barrier to limit or allow
substances into/out of the body
◦ Release products produced by the cell
into free surfaces
◦ Protects against the abrasive
influences of the bod

◦ apical

◦ lateral

◦ basal

◦ basement membrane

may contain cilia or microvilli

lumen of the organ

faces the adjacent wall

has cell-cell junctions

deepest layer

opposite of apical

Anchors epithelium to basement membrane

Secreted by the epithelium

sits on a connective tissue

simple - one layer

Pseudostratified - false layers

stratified - more than one layer

squamous - flat

cuboidal - cube cells

columnar - taller than wide

transitional - stretch (squamous and cuboidal)

1. skin/mouth/vagina - protection

2. sweat glands - makes water and ions

3. mammary gland/larynx - mucus

1. blo vess/lung - permits exch of nutri, gases ,wastes

2. kidney/glands - makes and abso water

3. digestive organs - abso nutri, produces mucus

secrete
substances into ducts which are
then emptied onto skin or the
hollow organs

◦ Saliva
◦ Digestive enzymes
◦ Sweat
◦ Cerumen (ear wax)
◦ Sebum (oil

◦ Fibroblasts
◦ Macrophages
◦ Plasma cells
◦ Mast cells
◦ Adipocytes

◦ Binds, supports and strengthens other
body tissues
◦ Protects and insulates internal organs
◦ Compartmentalizes structures
◦ Blood serves as the main transport
system
◦ Adipose tissue stores energy
◦ Main source of our immune response

◦ Protein fibers
◦ Ground substanc

◦ Fluid, semifluid, gelatinous or calcified
◦ Supports and binds cells, store water and allow for
exchange of substances between the blood and
cells

collagen - very strong and flexible

elastic - strong and stretches

reticular - support blo vess

to sprout

able to undergo cell
division and then secrete the
extracellular matrix that is specific to
the tissue type

is embryonic tissue

◦ Large, flat and branching
◦ Typically MOST abundant

◦ Develop from monocytes, a type
of white blood cell
◦ Irregularly shaped
◦ Are able to phagocytize bacteria
and cell debris
◦ Two types
◦ Fixed
◦ Wandering

fat cells

store triglycerides

around organ and beneath skin

Produce histamine in response to
injury or infection

◦ Widely distributed, found in skin,
mucous membranes and around blood
vessels, nerves and organs
◦ Fx: strength, elasticity and suppor

Fx: reduce heat loss, energy
reserve, supports and protects
organs

◦ Found wherever areolar tissue is
present: deep to the skin, around
the heart and kidneys, behind the
eyeball, within bone marrow and
pads joints

◦ Found in the supporting framework (stroma) of
the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone
marrow, portion of the basement membrane
and around blood vessels and muscles
◦ Fx: forms the stroma of organs, binds together
smooth muscle cells, filters out old RBC in the
spleen and microbes in the lymph node

◦ Forms tendons, most ligaments
and aponeuroses
◦ Fx: provides strong attachment
between structures

◦ Often exists in
sheets
◦ Fasciae, region of the
dermis of the skin,
periosteum,
pericardium, capsules
surrounding organs,
heart valves
◦ Fx: provides pulling
(tensile) strength

◦ Within lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries,
trachea, bronchial tubes, vocal cords, and
various ligaments
◦ Fx: allows stretching of various organ

Most abundant
◦ Ends of long bones, nose, ribs, part of
larynx, trachea, bronchi, embryonic
and fetal skeleton
◦ Fx: provides smooth surface for
movement at joints, flexibility and
support

◦ Located in the pubic symphysis,
intervertebral disc, menisci of
knees and some tendons
◦ Fx: To support and join structures
together

◦ Found in the epiglottis,
external ear and auditory tubes
◦ Fx: provides strength and
flexibility to structures, while
maintaining their shapE

◦ Unit: Osteon
◦ Lamallae: consists of Ca++/P
◦ Lacunae: contain osteocytes
◦ Canaliculi: pathway for osteocytes to receive nutrients
◦ Central canal: contain blood vessels and nerves

Does not have osteons, but have columns of bone called
trabeculae
◦ Contains lamallae, oseteocytes, lacunae and canaliculi
◦ Red bone marrow fill the spaces between the trabeculae

◦ Extracellular matrix = plasma
◦ Formed elements = cells
◦ Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
◦ Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
removal
◦ White blood cells (leukocytes)
◦ Phagocytosis, immunity and allergic reactions
◦ Platelets (thrombocytes)
◦ Necessary for clotting

◦ Epithelial layer
◦ Connective tissue layer
◦ Lamina Propria
◦ Supports epithelium
◦ Bind
◦ Allows flexibility
◦ Protection

◦ Secretes a watery lubricant (serous fluids)
◦ Two parts:
◦ Parietal
◦ Visceral

skin

superficial: epidermis

deep:dermis

◦ Lines the space where bones come togetherjoints
◦ Do not have an epithelium
◦ Consists of cells that are not continuous (synoviocytes)
and also contain areolar and adipose connective tissues
◦ Synovial fluid
◦ Lubricates and nourishes the cartilage covering the bones of
moveable joints
◦ Contain macrophages

◦ Wrinkles
◦ Thinning of bone with increased risk of fractures
◦ Muscle atrophy
◦ Pain and crepitus in joints