What is the prototype for Macrolides?
erythromycin
What do macrolides do?
they bind to bacterial ribosomes, stopping protein synthesis
What do we use macrolides for?
as a penicillin alternative and to prevent conjunctivitis in newborns (as an eye ointment)
What are macrolides spectrum of activity?
broad
What are some nursing considerations when it comes to macrolides?
don't give to patients with hepatic failure, can cause mood changes, and GI effects
What do all macrolides have?
no need for renal adjustments
What macrolides can potentially cause C.diff?
erythromicin and clindamycin
Why would we use clindamycin?
to treat for anaerobic bactera (specifically for Bacteroides fragilus)
Clindamycin has a BBW for what?
C. diff
What does metronidazole do?
disrupts DNA
What do we use metronidazole for?
to treat C. diff.
What is metronidazole's spectrum of activity?
mostly for anaerobic bacteria
What is a nursing consideration for metronidazole?
DO NOT drink alcohol during treatment and for 3 days after
What does vancomycin do?
inhibits BW synthesis
What do we use vancomycin for?
Treating MRSA/MSSA, and C.diff (oral only)
What is vancomycin's spectrum of activity?
ONLY gram positive (the big gram positive drug)
What are some nursing considerations for vancomycin?
A slow IV over 1-2 hours could cause "red man syndrome" and needs renal dose adjustments (monitor PEAKS and TROUGHS (lowest serum drug level))
What does linezolid do?
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
What do we use linezolid for?
treating VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) and MRSA
What is linezolid's spectrum of activity?
only Gram positive (L)
What are some nursing considerations for linezolid?
possible serotonin syndrome if used with serotonergic drugs, and myleosuppression (anemia).
Linezolid has a BBW. What is it?
interaction with serotonergic drugs (can lead to Serotonin syndrome)