BMED 1110 Midterm Review Flashcards

the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves

sends messages back and forth between the brain and body

maintain blood-brain barrier

control levels of neurotransmitters around synapes

regulate ions

provides metabolic support\

line spinal cord and ventricles of the brain

involved in producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

myelinate CNS axons

provide structural framework

brains immune cells (similar to macrophages)

remove dead cells and pathogens through phagocytosis

surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia

regulate neurotransmitter levels

myelinate neurons in PNS

maintain and regenerate neurons after injury

study of the functional properties of neurons, glia, and networks

allows molecules to cross the membrane

voltage-gated channel

chemically activated channel

mechanically gated channel

Na+ and K+

Depolarizing voltage activates the Na+ ion channels in neuronal membrane. The channels open in a positive feedback loop which results in a greater amount of Na+ in the cell than K+. The membrane depolarizes to equilibrium(55mV). Action potential is generated.

Na+ channels become less active as the action potential decreases, K+ current leads to a period of hyperpolarization before deactivating and returning to the resting phase.

binding of neurotransmitter leads to opening of ion channels

cation influx in post-synaptic process

depolarization of membrane

EPSP depolarization are recorded in post synaptic cell to a certain excitatory stimulus

Depolarization associated with EPSPs can trigger action potentials if summation were to occur

ion channels allow postsynaptic anion influx when open

hyperpolarization of the membrane occurs due to an influx of Cl- and efflux of K+

important for modulating the neurons response to excitatory input at synapse

found in proximal dendrite and soma

influence the dendritic tree

a neurotransmitter that widely spread through the nervous system, including neuromuscular junction and autonomic NS.

cognitive and behavioral processes

connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

transmits information to and from the CNS

Receiving, processing, and responding to signals

voluntary motor function

problem-solving

attention

memory

language

processing sensory information

contains somatosensory cortex

receives visual information

auditory

speech comprehension

Movements and coordination

sensory receptors that are located thought the body and process the information for distribution to the appropriate cortical area. Regulates consciousness and sleep.

heart rate, blood pressure, appetite, thirst, temperature, and the release of hormones.

connects the medulla oblongata and the thalamus, relays impulses from motor cortex to cerebellum, medulla, and thalamus

autonomic functions (respiratory system, cardiovascular system, vasomotor center, vomiting, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing)

coordinated voluntary movements. coordination in arms and legs, maintains balance and posture. communication from pons to cerebellum. voluntary muscle contractions.

emotion, memory, and motivation.

The hypothalamus receives most of the limbic output.

Reticular activation system (RAS), responsible for consciousness. filters out repetitive, weak stimuli, prevents brain from responding to unimportant info and sensory overload.

involuntary and voluntary reflexes

Intellectual function, memory, speech, language, complex perception, orientation, attention, judgement, planning, decision making

psychological make-up, traits, response styles

hard and mineralized connective tissues

reservoir minerals (calcium and phosphorus)

fat storage (yellow marrow)

hematopoiesis (red marrow)

80

spine, skull, ribcage

(protects internal structures, origin of muscles)

126

arms, legs, pelvic girdle, and pectoral girdle.

(key role in movement. insertion of most muscles)

protection, movement, and support

to hold bones together, allow bones to move, bones to articulate with at least one other bone (EXCEPT HYOID)

immovable

freely movable

focus on amount of movement

synarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

diarthosis

seperates the bony regions at the joint

fibrous

cartilage

joint cavity

ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten

ability to respond to a stimulus, which can be delivered from a motor neuron or hormone

the ability of a muscle to be stretched.

the ability to recoil or bounce back to the muscle's original length after being stretched

movement

maintenance of posture

respiration

heat generation

communication

constriction of organs and blood vessels

pumping blood

long, cylindrical fibers, striated, many peripherally located nuclei

voluntary movement, produces heat, protects organs.

attached to bones and around entry and exit sites in body (ex. mouth, anus)

short, branched, striated, single central nucleus

contracts to pump blood

heart (duh)

short, spindle shaped, no striations, single nucleus in each fiber

involuntary movement, involuntary control of respiration, digestion, move secretions, regulates flow of blood in arteries by contraction.

walls of major organs and passageways