pathophysiology final Flashcards

Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by WHAT?

All of data that you need to gather before making a diagnosis, what factors need to be considered?

Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to Select all that apply….NICE

Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead Select all that apply.,,,,NICE

Bacteria cause injury to cells by which mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

Side effects of chemotherapy include all that apply.)

Viruses are associated with human cancers? all that apply.)

RhoGAM is given to an Rh-negative mother in order to prevent….WHAT

The principal Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by which of the following? ( All that apply.)

Diseases are due to type IV hypersensitivity? All that apply.)

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with…WHAT?

CML (chronic myeloid leukemia ALL THE symptoms? All that apply.)

Which clinical findings describe the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)? Act all that apply.)

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

The cause of the most common form of anemia is..WHAT?

Anemia related to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is characterized by what laboratory features? All that apply….DELICIOUS!!!!

Regarding iron-deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased? All that apply.)

The final step in clot formation is…WHAT

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by…WHAT

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to……OF WHAT

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to..DO WHAT?

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs…..WHAT?

What is involved in the release of plasminogen activators? All that apply.)

Diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? All that apply.)

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

The pain characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency (all that apply.)

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle because it increases..WHAT?

High blood pressure increases the risk of which conditions? All that apply.)

Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for which of the following problems? All that apply.)

Orthostatic hypotension is a risk factor for which conditions? All that apply.)

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present with which manifestations? (Select all that apply.)

Diagnostic tests used to diagnose or confirm MI include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

First-degree heart block is characterized by …WHAT?

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This patient is most likely described as a(n)……WHAT?

The most common causes of heart failure include which of the following? All that apply.)

A patient experiencing shock may exhibit which signs and symptoms? All that apply.)

Anaphylactic shock. signs and symptoms in the patient? All that apply.)

Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through which body systems? All that apply.)

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of WHAT?

Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of?????

Cystic fibrosis is associated with…WHAT???

Croup is characterized by…..WHAT????

COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes…..??????

Characteristics of asthma? All that apply.)

Viruses differ from most bacteria in that they act in which of the following ways? (Select all that apply.)

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is…WHAT

Empyema is defined as an…..WHAT?

A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is…WHAT?

Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by…WHAT?

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is……WHAT?

Which alteration can lead to edema?

Hypernatremia may be caused by WHAT

Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include…WHAT

Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include….WHAT

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of…WHAT?

Acid that kidneys are unable to excrete?

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of…WHAT

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by…..WHAT

Diarrhea causes……WHAT?

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in…..WHAT

A patient is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?...NICE!!.....LET’S SEE CAPOTE!

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is…WHAT?

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is…WHAT

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because???????

Risk factors for renal carcinoma? (All that apply.)

Manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? All that apply….QUE RICO!!

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by..WHAT?

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of????

A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because??????

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is..????

the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is???

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by…WHAT?

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by…WHAT?

signs of chronic renal failure? All that apply.)

The diet for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should include which of the following? All that apply.)

A patient missed two dialysis sessions. What conditions will the patient likely demonstrate? All that apply.),,,NICE ONE!!!

Group with highest risk for urinary tract infection?

A ureterocele is…WHAT?

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is…WHAT

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with…WHAT

Which situations increase the risk of urge incontinence? All that apply.)

characteristics of cystitis? All that apply.)

Cystitis symptoms ,,All that apply.)

Cryptorchidism is…WHAT?

A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristics of….WHAT?

Which medication classes does the nurse educate men on for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)? All that apply.)

Medications can be prescribed for the treatment of premature ejaculation? All that apply.)

Causes of male infertility? All that apply.)

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of …WHAT?

Endometriosis is a condition in ……WHAT?