THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.
WALL LAYER: MUCOSA
SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: SURFACE EPITHELIUM, LAMINA PROPRIA, MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: SECRETION, ABSORPTION, AND PROTECTION
THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.
WALL LAYER: SUBMUCOSA
SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: NONE
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: NUTRITION AND PROTECTION
THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.
WALL LAYER: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYERS ARE= INNER LAYER(CIRCULARLY) AND OUTER LAYER(LONGITUDINALLY)
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: REGULATOR OF GI MOTILITY
THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.
WALL LAYER: SEROSA OR ADVENTITIA
SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: VISCERAL PERITONEUM, MESOTHELIUM, ADVENTITIA (EPITHELIUM AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES)
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: ANCHORS, PROTECTS, AND REDUCES FRICTION
THE TUBELIKE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANAL THAT EXTENDS FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS IS KNOWN AS THE __1__ CANAL OR THE __2__ TRACT.
1. ALIMENTARY
2. DIGESTIVE (GI)
HOW IS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA OF THE STOMACH MODIFIED?
BESIDES CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLES, IT HAS INNERMOST LAYER THAT RUNS OBLIQUELY.
HOW DOES THIS MODIFICATION RELATE TO THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?
LETS STOMACH MIX, CHURN AND MOVE FOOD ALONG TRACT (CIRCULAR/LONGITUDINAL) BUT ALSO TO PUMMEL FOOD, BREAK DOWN INTO SMALLER PIECES AND RAM FOOD TO SMALL INTESTINE (OBLIQUE).
WHAT TRANSITION IN EPITHELIAL TYPE EXISTS AT THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION?
SQUAMOUS CELLS IN THE ESOPHAGUS TO COLUMNAR CELL IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA.
HOW DO THE EPITHELIA OF THESE TWO ORGANS RELATE TO THEIR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS?
SIMPLE COLUMNAR (GASTRIC) FOR ABSORPTION AND STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS (ESOPHAGUS) FOR PROTECTION.
Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard.
I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness!
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE COLON AND THE LARGE INTESTINE.
LARGE INTESTINE EXTENDS FROM ILEOCECAL VALVE TO ANUS, BUT COLON IS PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE AND DIVIDED INTO: ASCENDING, DESCENDING AND SIGMOID COLON.
STRUCTURES THAT SUSPEND THE SMALL INTESTINE FROM THE POSTERIOR BODY WALL
MESENTERY
FINGERLIKE EXTENSIONS OF THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA THAT INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION
VILLI
LARGE COLLECTIONS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
PEYER'S PATCHES
DEEP FOLDS OF THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA THAT EXTEND COMPLETELY OR PARTIALLY AROUND THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
CIRCULAR FOLDS
REGIONS THAT BREAK DOWN FOODSTUFFS MECHANICALLY
ORAL CAVITY, STOMACH
MOBILE ORGAN THAT MANIPULATES FOOD IN THE MOUTH AND INITIATES SWALLOWING
TONGUE
CONDUIT FOR BOTH AIR AND FOOD
PHARYNX
THREE STRUCTURES CONTINUOUS WITH AND REPRESENTING MODIFICATIONS OF THE PERITONEUM
GREATER OMENTUM, MESENTERY, LESSER OMENTUM
THE "GULLET"; NO DIGESTIVE/ABSORPTION FUNCTION
ESOPHAGUS
FOLDS OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA
RUGAE
SACCULATIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
HAUSTRA
PROJECTIONS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF A MUCOSAL EPITHELIAL CELL
MICROVILLI
VALVE AT THE JUNCTION OF THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE
ILEOCECAL VALVE
PRIMARY REGION OF FOOD AND WATER ABSORPTION
SMALL INTESTINE
MEMBRANE SECURING THE TONGUE TO THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
FRENULUM
ABSORBS WATER AND FORMS FECES
LARGE INTESTINE
AREA BETWEEN THE TEETH AND LIPS/CHEEKS
VESTIBULE
WORMLIKE SAC THAT OUTPOCKETS FROM THE CECUM
APPENDIX
INITIATES PROTEIN DIGESTION
STOMACH
STRUCTURES ATTACHED TO THE LESSER CURVATURE OF THE STOMACH
LESSER OMENTUM
ORGAN DISTAL TO THE STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
VALVE CONTROLLING FOOD MOVEMENT FROM THE STOMACH INTO THE DUODENUM
PYLORIC VALVE
POSTEROSUPERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE ORAL CAVITY
SOFT PALATE
LOCATION OF THE HEPATOPANCREATIC SPHINCTER THROUGH WHICH PANCREATIC SECRETIONS AND BILE PASS
SMALL INTESTINE
SEROUS LINING OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY WALL
PARIETAL PERITONEUM
PRINCIPAL SITE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN K BY MICROORGANISMS
LARGE INTESTINE
REGION CONTAINING TWO SPHINCTERS THROUGH WHICH FECES ARE EXPELLED FROM THE BODY
ANUS
BONE-SUPPORTED ANTEROSUPERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE ORAL CAVITY
HARD PALATE
VISIBLE PORTION OF THE TOOTH IN SITU
CLINICAL CROWN
MATERIAL COVERING THE TOOTH ROOT
CEMENTUM
HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY
ENAMEL
ATTACHES THE TOOTH TO BONE AND SURROUNDING ALVEOLAR STRUCTURES
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
PORTION OF THE TOOTH EMBEDDED IN BONE
ROOT
FORMS THE MAJOR PORTION OF TOOTH STRUCTURE, SIMILAR TO BONE
DENTIN
PRODUCES THE DENTIN
ODONTOBLAST
SITE OF BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND LYMPHATICS
PULP
ENTIRE PORTION OF THE TOOTH COVERED WITH ENAMEL
ANATOMICAL CROWN
IN THE HUMAN, THE NUMBER OF DECIDUOUS TEETH IS __1__; THE NUMBER OF PERMANENT TEETH IS __2__.
1. 20
2. 32
THE DENTAL FORMULA FOR PERMANENT TEETH IS
2,1,2,3
------- x 2
2,1,2,3
EXPLAIN WHAT THIS MEANS.
2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS AND 3 MOLARS ON UPPER TEATH, 2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS AND 3 MOLARS ON LOWER TEETH. MULTIPLIED BY 2.
WHAT IS THE DENTAL FORMULA FOR THE DECIDUOUS TEETH?
2,1,0,2
------- x 2 = 20
2,1,0,2
WHICH TEETH ARE THE "WISDOM TEETH"?
THE THIRD MOLARS
PRODUCE(S) MUCUS; FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
DUODENAL GLANDS
PRODUCE(S) A PRODUCT CONTAINING AMYLASE THAT BEGINS STARCH BREAKDOWN IN THE MOUTH
SALIVARY GLANDS
PRODUCE(S) A WHOLE SPECTRUM OF ENZYMES AND AN ALKALINE FLUID THAT IS SECRETED INTO THE DUODENUM
PANCREAS
PRODUCE(S) BILE THAT IT SECRETES INTO THE DUODENUM VIA THE BILE DUCT
LIVER
PRODUCE(S) HCI AND PEPSINOGEN
GASTRIC GLANDS
FOUND IN THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE; PRODUCE(S) INTESTINAL JUICE
INTESTINAL CRYPTS
WHICH OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS PRODUCES A SECRETION THAT IS MAINLY SEROUS?
PAROTID GLAND
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE GALLBLADDER?
STORES BILE
NAME THREE STRUCTURES ALWAYS FOUND IN THE PORTAL TRIAD REGIONS OF THE LIVER.
HEPATIC ARTERY, HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN, AND BILE DUCT.
WHERE WOULD YOU EXPECT TO FIND THE KUPFFER CELLS OF THE LIVER? WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION?
SINUSOID WALLS.
REMOVE DEBRIS SUCH AS BACTERIA OR WORNOUT BLOOD CELLS FROM THE BLOOD.
WHY IS THE LIVER SO DARK RED IN THE LIVING ANIMAL?
BECAUSE IT HAD A HIGH AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT CIRCULATES THROUGH THE LIVER.
THE PANCREAS HAS TWO MAJOR POPULATIONS OF SECRETORY CELLS - THOSE IN THE ISLETS AND THE ACINAR CELLS, WHICH POPULATIONS SERVES THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS?
ACINAR CELLS