Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?
Fallopian tube
Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?
capacitation
The fusion of the male nucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?
zygote
Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?
trophoblast
Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basale?
decidua basalis
Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?
Amnion
Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?
chorionic villi of the placenta
During development, each somite may differentiate into a ___ that forms connective tissue.
dermatome
Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?
umbilical cord
How many pairs of pharangyeal arches form in the future head and neck region during the fourth week?
5
Gastrulation occurs at approximately which point after fertilization?
During third week of embryonic period
What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks of gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?
Amniocentesis
CVS is taking cells from where?
Chorion
Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?
CRH
During pregnancy, stroke volume can increase by
30%
Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?
Progesterone
Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to complete dilation of the cervix?
stage of dilation
Involution is
When the uterus decreases in size
What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?
ductus venosus
Which is the effector when oxytocin stimulates milk ejection?
myoepithelial cells
Which principle hormone releases milk into the mammary glands?
oxytocin
Which of the following is a permanent heritable change in an allele?
mutation
When phenotype can be drastically different depending on whether the gene is inherited from the mother or father it is called-
genomic imprinting
An example of incomplete dominance is
Sickle-cell disease
If one parent has type A blood and one parent has type B blood, what blood type is possible for their child?
all of these choices
If a child has type B blood and the mother has type B blood, what is the possible phenotype of the father?
B, O, A, or AB
Chromosome #15 is considered
an autosome
A Barr body
is an inactivated X chromosome
Which represents the morula stage?
C) C
Which one represents the blastocyst stage?
E
What does figure "A" represent?
cleavage of zygote
What is line "A" pointing to?
trophoblast
What happens 3-4 days after fertilization?
C) C
What stage happens 6 days after fertilization?
E) E
Which structure was formerly called the blastocyst cavity?
D) F
This is composed of the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast.
C) C
Where is the amniotic cavity?
A) E
Which cells are derived from the yolk sac and form a connective tissue layer?
B) B
What is line "G" pointing to?
none of these
What is like "G" pointing to in this figure?
chorionic villi
Where are the fetal blood vessels in the figure?
C) E
What is line "F" pointing to in the figure?
maternal endometrial arteriole
Which condition listed is a malpractice in which the fetal buttocks or lower limbs present into the material pelvis?
breech presentration
Which condition listed is a developmental abnormality due to mechanical forces that mold a part of the fetus over a prolonged period of time?
deformation
Clubfeet is an example of which condition listed?
deformation
Which condition listed is also called morning sickness?
emesis gravidarum
Which condition is listed as a sex chromosome aneuploidy, usually due to trisomy XXY?
Klinefelter's syndrome
A deficiency in corticotropin-releasing hormone could lead to the development of ___ in the newborn
respiratory distress syndrome
The hormone associated with a change in gait of pregnant woman in the later stages of pregnancy is
relaxin
A neural tube defect in the developing fetus may be detected by measuring the levels of which of the following substances?
maternal alpha-fetoprotein
Which of the following may be associated with anencephaly and a higher risk of ectopic pregnancies?
all of these
During pregnancy, a malfunction during which weeks might leak to a breech presentation at birth?
30-34 weeks
If one was able to view the developing embryo and fetus, at which stage of the pregnancy would the gender of the baby be distinguishable for the first time?
9-12 weeks
Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy, caused by the presence of a single X chromosome designated XO?
Turner's syndrome
A teratogen induced developmental defect resulting in characteristics facial features is associated with
fetal alcohol syndrome
Which condition listed results from an infection originating in the birth canal following child birth and affects the mother's endometrium?
puerperal fever
Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy characterized by at least 3 X chromosomes (XXX)?
Metafemale syndrome
Which of the terms below describes the development of an organism from an undifferentiated cell?
epigenesis
Which of the terms below includes all structures that develop from a zygote: the embryo, the embryonic placenta and its associated membranes?
conceptus
Which of the terms below describes the beginning or first discernible indication of the development of an organ or structure?
primordium
Which of the terms below describes the chromosomal characteristic of an individual presented as a systemic arrangement of pairs of metaphase chromosomes arranged by size?
karyotype
What is the term used to describe the age of an embryo or fetus calculated from the presumed first day of the last normal menstruation period?
gestational age
In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain gene, the dominant allele is responsible for that person having the trait of polydactyly. What is the masked, recessive trait in this individual?
normal digits
In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain gene, the dominant allele is responsible for that person having diabetes insipidos. What is the masked recessive trait in this individual?
normal digits
In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain gene, the dominant allele gives Huntington's disease. What is the masked, recessive trait in this individual?
normal nervous system
In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain gene, the dominant allele gives normal skin pigmentation. What is the masked, recessive trait in this individual?
albinism
Which hormone causes release of milk into the mammary ducts via the milk ejection reflex?
oxytocin
The principle hormone in promoting milk production
prolactin
Which of the following is a function of the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone?
establish the timing of birth
Which of the following is a noninvasive prenatal test?
AFP
When are the primary germ layers established during pregnancy?
third week of development
Which of the following structures are produced from the endoderm?
gametes
Endoderm gives rise to which of these structures?
gonads
Which of the following is NOT produced from the mesoderm?
melanocytes
Which of the following are major potential teratogens that affect embryonic development?
all of thse
The period of prenatal development would include
all of these
In the process of fertilization, the sperm will fertilize the
secondary oocyte