4 primary tissue types are:
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle
Define Tissue
Groups of cell that are similar in structure and function
Tissues are organized into _______
Organs
Study of tissues
Histology
Tissue that:
lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface
Epithelium
These set of tissues
pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat.
Also the major function is to contract
Muscle
These set of tissues
- transmits electrochemical impulses
- most involved in regulating and controlling body functions
- forms nerves and the brain
Nervous tissue
These set of tissues
-cells may absorb, secrete, and filter
- synthesize hormones
Epithelium
These set of tissues:
- anchors, packages, and supports body organs
- most DURABLE tissue type
- abundant non-living extracellular matrix
Connective tissue
Most widespread tissue in the body
Connective tissue
5 general characteristics of Epithelial tissue
- Polarirty (apical and basal)
- Cells fit closely
- Supprted by connective tissue
- Avascularity
- Regeneration
what does POLARITY of the epithelial tissue mean?
The membranes always have 2 surfaces
free surface- Apical surface (top)
bottom surface- Basal surface (bottom)
The epithelial cells (Basal lamina) and _________ and ____________ (________ lamina) lies adjacent to each other.
Connective cells (Reticular lamina)
2 criteria epithelial tissues are classified?
# of layers and cell shape
5 major functions of epithelium in the body
- Protection
- Absorption
- Filtration
- Excretion
- Secretion
How does stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple epithelia?
Simple epithlia- focuses on secretion and absorption (less on protection)
Stratified epithelia- underlying tissue subjected to abrasion
Ciliated epithelium is found ___________
in the lining of the trachea,
most of the upper respiratory
Transition Epithelium have cells that are ________ or ___________
round or plump
How the form of the Transition Epithelium help its function?
The shape helps slide over one another to allow the organ to be stretched.
How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?
Endocrine= Ductless= release all the hormones into the extracellular fluid
Exocrine= Duct= release onto an epithelial surface
How many layers of tissue does:
-Simple epithelium
- Stratified epithelium
simple - 1 layer
stratified- 2 or more
The shapes of epithelium tissue
- Squamos
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
Stratified Epithelia are named according to the cells at the __________ surface
Apical
Describe Pseudostratified Epithelium
It's Simple Columnar
B/C its cells vary in height and the nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane
[often ciliated]
Epithelia that lines the esophagus
Stratified Squamos
Epithelia that lines the stomach
Simple Columnar
Epithelia that lines alveolar sacs of the lungs
Simple Squamos
Epithelia that lines tubules of the kidney
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelia that lines the epidermis of the skin
Stratified Squamos
Epithelia lining of bladder
Transitional
Epithelia lining that forms the thin serous membranes, a single layer of flattened cells
Simple Squamos
Functions performed by connective tissue?
- Protection
- Support
- Bind tissues together
3 General characterstics of Connective tissue:
- With a few expections, connective tissues are richly supplied with blood vessels
- Composed of many types of cells
- Great deal of non- living material between cells
There is a wide variety in the structure, that is related to the wide variety of ____________.
function
The large amount of non- living matrix provides _______ needed to protect the body and carry out normal functions.
Strength
Connective tissue that:
- attaches bones to bones (ligaments) and muscle to muscle (tendon)
- the dermis of the skin
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Connective tissue that:
- Acts as a storage depot for fat
- insulates against heat loss
Adipose connective tissue
Makes up the intervetebral discs
Fibrocartilage
Connective tissue that:
- forms the hip bone
- matrix hardening to Ca+ salts; provides lever for muscles to act on
Osseous tissue
A soft packaging tissue with a jelly-like matrix,
composes basement membranes
Areolar connective tissue
-forms the larynx, the costal catrilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton
Hylaine cartilage
Firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers, appears glassy and smooth
Hylaine cartilage
Provides a flexible framework for the external ear
Elastic cartilage
Epithelia which is:
- Single layer of flat cells
- substances pass through easily
- diffusion and filtration where protection is not needed
- lines air sacs, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
Simple squamos
Epithelia which is:
- Single layer of cube- shaped cells
- Secretion and Absorption
- Lines kidney tubules, ducts of some glands, cover the ovaries
Simple cuboidal
- Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei
- often have goblet cells
- absorption
- Secretion of mucus ezymes and others
- ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action
Simple columnar
- Single layer of elongated cells
- appears striated
- often have cilia and goblet cell
- lines the respiratory passageway
Pseudostratified columnar
- many cell layers
- top cells are flat
- can accumulate keratin
- protects underlying tissues in areas of abrasion
(ex. throat, vagina)
Stratified Squamos
- many layers
- lines ducts of mammary, sudoriferous, salivary glands, and pancreas
Stratified Cuboidal
- top layer of elongated cells
- cube shaped cells in deeper layers
- lines vas deferens, male urethra, and parts of pharynx
Stratified Columnar
3 major types of connective tissue CELLS
- Fibroblast
- Macrophages
- Mast cells
3 major types of connective tissue FIBERS
- Collegen (white)
- Elastin (Yellow)
- Reticular (Fine collagen)
- Fixed cells
- large star shaped
- most common type of connective tissue
- secrete protein fibers into matrix
Fibroblast
- Wandering cells
- Important for defense
- Specialized for phagocytosis
Macrophages
- Fixed cells usually near blood vessels
- Releases Heparin (anti- coagulant)
- Releases Histamines to help with inflammation and allergies
Mast cells
6 major types of connective tissue
- Loose Connective (areolar tissue)
- Dense Connective
- Adipose
- Cartilage
- Blood
- Bone