maintenance of material saved in memory
activation of the sense organs (physical response)
the process by which we identify the direction from which a sound is coming
emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed
the greater the intensity of its intial processing, the more likely we are to remember it
study of the relationship between the actual physical aspects of a stimulus and our psychological experience of that stimulus
the difference threshold is the minimum change in stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli
items presented early in a list are remembered better
loss of information in memory through nonuse
not the complete reason for forgetting
one division of declarative memory
general knowledge about facts of the world.
example: 2x2=4
loss of memory occurs for events that follow an injury. information cannot be transferred from short to long term memory; unable to remember anything in long term before the injury.
behaviors are reinforced after an average number of responses, but exactly when reinforcement will occur is unpredictable
a progressive brain disorder - begins as forgetfulness and ends as inability to speak and eventually death
only common memory disease
which states that responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.
a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned
the food
the time between reinforcements varies around some average
when they are bent by the vibrations entering the cochlea, the cells send a neural message to the brain
just repeating information over and over. less likely to be moved from short-term to long- term
helps to consolidate memories
memories related to a specific, important, or surprising event that are so vivid they represent a virtual snapshot of the event
often inaccurate and don't remember everything
apart of the working memory. involved in reasoning, decision making, and planning. integrates and coordinates information from three distinct subsystems
suggests that there are three kinds of cones in the retina, each of which responds primarily to a specific range of wavelengths
temporary inability to remember information one is certain one knows
not complete memory failure
activity in the retina continues even when you are no longer staring at the original picture
distinguishes between loud and soft sounds
maintenance of material saved in memory