approx. 55% plasma & 45% formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) & platelets.

Whole blood consists of

55%

What percent of blood is plasma?

45%

What percent of blood is formed elements?

erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets

What does formed elements consist of?

Red blood cells (RBC's)

What are erythrocytes?

White blood cells (WBC's)

What are leukocytes?

A small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.

What are platelets?

Visual of Platelet functions -->

stem cells in red bone marrow.

Formed elements are produced from

~TRUE~

True/ False
Erythrocytes are modified for transport of oxygen.

~TRUE~

True/False
Most of the oxygen (from modified erythrocytes) is bound to the pigmented protein hemoglobin.

5

There are ___ types of leukocytes.

size, appearance of the nucleus, staining properties, presence & absence of visible cytoplasmic granuels.

The 5 different types of leukocytes can be distinguished on the basis of

phagocytosis (neutrophils & monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes).

White blood cells are active in

transport oxygen & nutrients to body cells & to carry away carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes.

Blood serves to

~TRUE~

True/False
Blood carries away carbon dioxide & metabolic waste.

~YES~

Does blood transport oxygen & nutrients to body cells?

a. 10%
b. ions
c. nutrients
d. waste products
e. hormones

Plasma contains approx. _a__% proteins, __b__, ___c__, _d___ & __e____, which are dissolved or suspended in water.

They are dissolved or suspended in water.

What happens to the proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products & hormones contained w/in plasma?

a. double pump
b. lungs
c. pulmonary circuit
d. systemic circuit

The heart is a __a__ _a__ that sends blood to the __b_ for oxygenation through the __c__ __c__ & to the remainder of the body through the __d_ _d__.

a. atria
b. ventricles

Blood is received by the _a__ & is pumped in circulation by the __b__.

~TRUE~

True/False
Valves between the atria & ventricles include the tricuspid on the RIGHT SIDE of the heart & the bicuspid on the LEFT SIDE of the heart.

BICUSPID

The valve on the LEFT SIDE of the heart is the___ valve?

TRICSUPID

The valve on the RIGHT SIDE of the heart is the ___ valve?

SEMILUNAR VALVES

What valves are found at the entrances of the pulmonary trunk & the aorta?

Coronary arteries

Blood is supplied to the heart muscle (myocardium) by what arteries?

The heart muscle

What is the myocardium?

Follow the blood flow path, while looking at the picture to get a better understanding of the pathway our blood travels through our heart.
**Bicuspid valve is also called the mitral valve.

Circulation of blood through the heart- visualization-

a. myocardium
b. right atrium
c. coronary sinus

Blood drains from the ____a_____ directly into the ___b__ __b__ through the ___c__ __c__.

a. Sinoatrial node
b. Myocardium

The hearts intrinsic beat is initiated by the __a__ _a__ and transmitted along the conduction system through the __b____.

ECG- Electrocardiogram

The intrinsic beat intiated by the sinoatrial node along the conduction system through the mycardium -is a wave of electrical activity & is what is measured on a

end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction.

The cardiac cycle is the period from the

a. systole
b. diastole

True/False
The contraction phase of the cycles is __a__; the relaxation phase is __b__.

systole

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called

diastole

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called

arteries, veins & capillaries.

The vascular system contains

AWAY from the heart

Arteries carry blood

TOWARD the heart

Veins carry blood

exchange takes place between blood & cells of the body.

Capillaries is where

~TRUE~

True/False
Capillaries are microscopic vessels.

become thinner & thinner

As arteries get farther away from the heart they

arterioles

The smallest arteries are called

~TRUE~

True/ False
The veins parallel the arteries and usually have the same names.

a. Superior & Inferior venae cavae
b. large veins
c. right atrium

The ___a_________________ are the _b__ _b__ that empty into the __c__ __c__ of the heart.

~TRUE~

True/ False
The walls of the arteries are thick & elastic, because they carry blood under high pressure.

Contraction & relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls.

Vasoconstriction & Vasodilation result from

contraction

Vasocontriction is ______ of the smooth muscle in the artery wall.

relaxation

Vasodilation is ____ of smooth muscle in the artery wall.

~TRUE~

True/False
The contraction & relaxation influence blood pressure & blood distribution to the tissues.

a. thinner
b. elastic

Vein walls are ___a___ & less ___b___ than those of the arteries, because they carry blood under lower pressure.

~True~

* veins are the opposite of arteries as far as structure goes.

True/False
Arteries are thicker & more elastic than veins because they carry blood under high pressure.

a. pressure of the skeletal muscles on the veins
b. expansions of the chest in breathing
c. valves in the veins of the legs that keep blood moving in a forward direction.

Mechanisms that help draw venous blood back to the heart include:

Thank you for using my notecards, I hope they were helpful. Please leave comments and post notecards of your own for others to use. ~ :-) ~

Labled diagram of the heart

Notice the arteries are paralleled w/veins w/the same name (most of them). Example: Femoral artery & Femoral vein.
Arteries in red
Veins in blue

Major arteries & veins of the body.
* These are good to know if you are taking A&P.