1. Viruses leave the infected host cell by

b. cell lysis or budding

2. Viruses that transform cells and cause cancerous growth are called __________.

b. oncogenic viruses

3. T-even bacteriophage genetic material is

c. injected into the host cell

4. Viruses are incapable of which of the following independent activities:

d. all of the above

5. Antibiotic resistance may be attributed to all of the following except

d. lytic phages

6. Clear areas produced by lytic bacteriophages on a "lawn" of bacterial host cell.

c. plaques

7. The __________ period is the time between entry of the phage nucleic acid into a host cell and the formation of
a completely assembled phage within that host.

d. eclipse phase

8. Stage of viral replication in which the virus crosses the host's plasma membrane.

c. budding release from the host cell

9. HIV possess an envelope because of

c. nucleic acid sequences

10. Utilized by the Centers for Disease Control [CDC] to characterize strains of influenza viruses that are
anticipated to cause major outbreaks.

a. H and N proteins of the envelope

11. Which of the following is not a stage of viral replication?

b. binary fission

12. Once incorporated into the bacterial DNA, the viral DNA is referred to as a _____________.

b. prophage

13. Obligate intracellular parasites consisting of a protein only.

b. prion

14. Viruses that are replicating their DNA and assembling new viral particles are best described as.

d. lytic

15. Animal viruses may be replicated in the _______________.

c. either the cytoplasm or the nucleus

16. Entry of a plant virus into a susceptible plant often involves:

c. insect bites

17. The ____ period begins when the phage injects its nucleic acid into a host cell and ends when the first
assembled virus appears outside the host cell.

c. latent

18. Viral specificity is attributed to:

b. the binding sites

19. Viral nucleic acid.

c. either DNA or RNA

20. In order for a RNA virus to replicate its genetic information for new viral particles.

c. reverse transcriptase will produce a DNA template from the viral RNA

21. Which of the following does not occur during a viral infection?

d. RNA viruse directly copy their genetic material to synthesize new viruses

22. Viral capsids

b. are formed from capsomeres

23. A virus that infects bacteria is called a

a. phage

24. As viruses grow

d. all of the above

25. The response of a plant to viral infections includes which of the following?

d. all of these

26. Match the following: inclusions

c. accumulation of viral particles within the nucleus

27. Match the following: viroids

d. naked RNA that causes plant disease

28. Match the following: prions

a. infectious protein particles

29. Match the following: lytic phage

e. results in viral replication and lysis of host cell

30. Match the following: capsomeres

b. protein molecules that form capsid

31. Match the following: Cytopathetic effect

c. damage to host cell that alters microscopic appearance

32. Match the following: delta agentsl

a. RNA that's expressed in the presence of Hepatitis B

33. Match the following: Icosahedral

d. 20 sided structure

34. Match the following: Capsomeres

e. structural unit composed of protomers

35. Match the following: satellite viruses

b. will only grow in Adeno infected host cell

36. Match the following: Genital Wartsv

e. Papilloma virus

37. Match the following: Rabies

c. Rhabdovirus

38. Match the following: Infantile diarrhea

a. Rotavirus

39. Match the following: Polio

b. Enterovirus

40. Match the following: Small Pox

d. Variola

41. Match the following: Common Colds

d. Rhinovirus

42. Match the following: Ebola, Marburg

a. Filovirus

43. Match the following: Influenza viruses

e. Orthomyxoviruses

44. Match the following: Burkitt’s Lymphoma

c. Epstein-Barr virus

45. Match the following: RSV

b. Pneumovirus

46. Viruses have all the following except:

b. metabolism

47. Host cells of viruses include:

e. all of the choices are correct

48. The core of every virus particle always contains:

e. either DNA or RNA

49. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except:

d. biochemical reactions

50. Which of the following represents a virus family name?

b. Herpesviridae

51. Virus capsids are made from subunits called:

c. capsomeres

52. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus:

d. capsid

53. Viruses:

a. cannot be seen in a light microscope

54. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except:

e. located between the capsid and nucleic acid

55. Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

a. envelope

56. These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors:

b. tail fibers

57. Which is incorrect about prophages?

d. cause lysis of host cells

58. T-even phages:

b. infect Escherichia coli cells

59. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is:

c. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release

60. The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is:

b. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell

61. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during:

d. release

62. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?

e. blood agar

63. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host
cell's _____.

a. nucleus, cytoplasm

64. Host range is limited by:

c. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane

65. The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called:

d. cytopathic effects

66. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called:

c. plaques

67. Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called:

e. pocks

68. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without
symptoms are called:

a. latent

69. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except:

b. measles virus

70. Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect?

e. all of the choices are correct

71. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid:

e. all of the choices are correct

72. Infectious protein particles are called:

c. prions

73. Infectious naked strands of RNA are called:

a. viroids

74. Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is:

d. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans

75. Satellite viruses are:

b. dependent on other viruses for replication

76. Viruses with single-stranded DNA are the:

e. Parvoviruses

77. All of the following belong to the Herpesviridae except:

c. Variola virus

78. Smallpox is a disease in which:

a. fever, prostration, rash, and possible toxemia and shock occur

79. All of the following pertain to monkeypox except:

e. the virus has shown a trend in becoming less virulent, with fewer outbreaks in humans

80. All of the following pertain to herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) except:

c. latent in the lumbosacral spinal nerve ganglia

81. Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) causes:

e. all of the choices are correct

82. An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 is:

c. encephalitis

83. Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

a. interferon

84. Chickenpox:

e. all of the choices are correct

85. Herpes whitlow is a deep set herpes simplex virus infection of the:

b. finger

86. Varicella-zoster virus:

e. all of the choices are correct

87. If a person who has never been infected with the varicella-zoster virus comes in contact with a person who
has shingles, they will come down with:

c. chickenpox

88. Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics except:

a. infects the respiratory epithelium

89. Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include:

c. sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly

90. Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis typically has fever and lymphocytosis, but in severely immunocompromised
patients symptoms include

d. fever, severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis and retinitis

91. The patients at greatest risk for severe cytomegalovirus infection include all the following except:

a. diabetics

92. Cytomegalovirus:

e. all of the choices are correct

93. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has the following characteristics except:

d. causes Kaposi's sarcoma

94. The hepadnaviruses:

b. show tropism for the liver

95. Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a
disease called:

a. hepatitis

96. Hepatitis B virus:

e. all of the choices are correct

97. Hepatitis B infection:

c. increases risk for hepatocellular cancer

98. Adenoviruses are:

e. all of the choices are correct

99. Which is incorrect about warts:

d. are frequently cancerous

100. All of the following pertain to genital warts except:

a. are not common in the United States

101. Polyomaviruses:

e. all of the choices are correct

102. Which is incorrect about Parvoviruses?

c. belong to the Papovarvirus family

103. Fifth disease:

e. all of the choices are correct

104. Characteristics of the Orthomyxoviruses include all of the following except::

b. include paramyxoviruses

105. The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the
respiratory tract is:

d. neuraminidase

106. Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following except:

c. dengue fever

107. Symptoms of influenza include:

c. fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, nasal discharge

108. Reye's syndrome involves:

e. all of the choices are correct

109. Influenza vaccines include all the following except:

d. provides lifelong immunity

110. Influenza infection predisposes compromised patients for acquiring:

b. bacterial pneumonia

111. Which is not a disease caused by arenaviruses:

c. hantaviruses

112. Sin Nombre hantavirus has all the following characteristics except:

a. reservoir is human carriers

113. Parainfluenza virus:

d. transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta

114. Orchitis and epididymitis is seen in young adult males as a complication of:

b. is in the Orthomyxovirus family

115. Oral lesions called Koplik's spots are seen in patients with:

d. measles (rubeola)

116. This infection is marked by labored, noisy breathing and a hoarse cough:

a. croup

117. This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage:

e. rubella

118. Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?

b. contains toxoids

119. All the following pertain to measles (rubeola) except:

a. transmitted by direct contact with the rash

120. Respiratory syncytial virus (Pneumovirus):

e. all of the choices are correct

121. Which is incorrect about rabies:

d. average incubation in human is 1 week

122. Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes:

e. all of the choices are correct

123. Coronaviruses cause:

e. common cold and SARS

124. Sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS):

a. causes high fever, pneumonia, respiratory distress, and diarrhea

125. Rubella is:

c. associated with congenital transmission causing miscarriage, deafness, and cardiac and mental
defects

126. All arboviruses involve:

b. arthropod vectors

127. Encephalitis caused by arboviruses involve:

e. all of the choices are correct

128. Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

a. yellow fever

129. West Nile virus has the following characteristics except:

a. causes hemorrhagic fever

130. Yellow fever and dengue fever are:

e. all of the choices are correct

131. Retroviruses have the following characteristics except:

b. DNA genome

132. All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except:

e. highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

133. Documented transmission of HIV involves:

b. unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products

134. All of the following pertain to HIV except:

d. ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens

135. Which drug/s interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the
virus?

b. protease inhibitors

136. This new class of drugs will interfere with viral integration into host DNA:

d. integrase inhibitors

137. A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is:

c. Kaposi's sarcoma

138. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL):

c. is a persistent lymphocytosis with large atypical lymphocytes that is progressive and fatal

139. All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis except:

a. summer outbreaks in the U.S. have been recently increasing

140. The major agents responsible for the common cold are:

b. Rhinoviruses

141. The worldwide, primary viral cause of morbidity and mortality from diarrhea is:

e. Rotavirus

142. Norwalk agent is:

e. all of the choices are correct

143. Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

c. predisposes a person for liver cancer

144. Spongiform encephalopathies are:

e. all of the choices are correct