Aorta

largest artery in body; issuing from left ventricle

superior vena cava

precava; largest, dark-colored vessel entering the base of the heart

inferior vena cava

post cava; enters right atrium

coronary arteries

supply myocardium; can be seen on surface of heart

heart

in mediastinum enclosed by pericardium

lungs

flanking the heart

thymus

superior to and partially covering the heart; large in young cats & replaced by fat in older cats

liver

posterior to diaphragm

stomach

dorsally located and to the left of liver

spleen

flattened, brown organ curving around the lateral aspect of the stomach

small intestine

continues posteriorly from stomach

large intestine

takes a U-shaped course around small intestine and terminates in rectum

aortic arch

gives off two large vessels: left subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery

brachiocephalic artery

has three major branches:

Right subclavian artery, and right/left common carotid arteries

Difference between origin of left common carotid arteries in humans & cats

In humans, the left common carotid artery & left subclavian artery are direct braches off aortic arch

right common carotid artery

gives off branches to neck muscles, thyroid gland, and trachea

branches to form external/internal carotid arteries

right subclavian artery

gives off four branches:

vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk, and internal thoracic artery

vertebral artery

along with internal carotid artery supplies the arterial circulation of the brain

costocervical trunk

branches to the costal and cervical regions

thyrocervical trunk

branches to the shoulder

internal thoracic (mammary) artery

serving the ventral thoracic artery

axillary artery

when subclavian passes in front of first rib, it becomes this artery. Branches of this artery include: ventral thoracic artery, long thoracic artery, and subscapular artery which supply the trunk and shoulder muscles

ventral thoracic artery

to the pectoral muscles

long thoracic artery

to pectoral muscles and latissimus dorsi

subscapular artery

to trunk muscles

brachial artery

as axillary artery enters the arm, it becomes this artery which branches at the elbow to produce the radial and ulnar arteries

radial and ulnar arteries

serve the forearm and hand

celiac trunk

supplies the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and the spleen

superior mesenteric artery

immediately posterior to celiac trunk

supplies the small intestine and most of large intestine

adrenolumnar arteries

paired arteries diverging from aorta slightly posterior to superior mesenteric artery

supply the muscles of the body wall and adrenal glands

renal arteries

paired arteries supplying kidneys

gonadal arteries

ovarian or testicular arteries that supply gonads

inferior mesenteric artery

unpaired; thin vessel arising from ventral surface of aorta posterior to the gonadal arteries

supplies the second half of large intestines

iliolumbar arteries

paired, rather large arteries that supply the body musculature in iliolumbar region

external iliac arteries

paired arteries which continue through the body wall & pass under the inguinal ligament to hindlimb

internal iliac arteries

two arteries which supply the pelvic viscera

Difference between iliac arteries in cat and humans

there is NO COMMON ILIAC ARTERY in cat

median sacral artery

descending abdominal aorta divides into the two internal iliac arteries and ___________

caudal artery

as median sacral artery enters tail, it becomes this artery

femoral artery

courses through thigh and gives off branches to thigh muscles

saphenous artery

branches off femoral artery to supply medial portion of the leg

popliteal artery

descends deep to knee to become this artery which gives off two branches:

sural artery and posterior tibial artery

sural, posterior tibial, and anterior tibial arteries

supply the leg and foot

Aygos vein

passing directly into tits dorsal surface

drains the thoracic intercostal muscles

internal thoracic (mammary) vein

drains chest and abdominal wall

right vertebral vein

drains spinal cord and brain

right and left brachiocephalic veins

form the precava by their union

Difference in formation of brachiocephalic veins in humans and cats

Humans: brachiocephalic vein is formed by union of internal jugular vein and subclavian veins

Cats: formed by union of external jugular vein and subclavian veins

external jugular vein

courses anteriorly along side of neck to point where its joined on medial surface by internal jugular vein

Difference in cat & human jugular veins

Human: internal jugular vein is considerably larger & drains into subclavian vein

Cat: External jugular vein is larger & internal jugular vein drains into it

subclavian vein

moves laterally toward the arm; becomes axillary vein

axillary vein

becomes this vein as it passes in front of first rib and runs through brachial plexus giving off subscapular vein

subscapular vein

drains the proximal part of the arm and shoulder

brachial vein

axillary vein becomes this vein as it enters the arm; receives radial/ulnar vein at the inner bend of elbow

radial and ulnar veins

drain the forelimb

cephalic vein

on dorsal side of the arm; communicates with brachial vein via median cubital vein in elbow then enters transverse scapular vein in shoulder

hepatic veins

entering postcava from liver

adrenolumbar veins

empty into postcava and drain adrenal glands and body wall

renal veins

drain the kidneys & empties into postcava

(common to find two right renal veins)

gonadal veins

testicular or ovarian veins

left vein of this venous pair enters the left renal vein anteriorly

Iliolumbar veins

drain muscles of the back & empties into postcava

common iliac veins

unite to form postcava

internal and external iliac veins

unite to form common iliac veins

internal iliac veins

receive branches from pelvic organs and gluteal region

external iliac veins

receives venous drainage from lower limb

deep femoral vein

drains the thigh and external genital region

femoral vein

receives blood from the thigh, leg, and foot

formed by union of great saphenous vein and popliteal vein

great saphenous vein

superficial vein that courses up inner aspect of calf & across inferior portion o gracilis muscle to enter femoral vein

popliteal vein

located deep in the thigh beneath the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles in popliteal spaces accompanying popliteal artery

posterior and anterior tibial veins

drain the leg

hepatic portal vein

formed by the union of the gastrosplenic and superior mesenteric veins

Difference between formation of hepatic portal vein in cats and humans

Humans: formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins

Cat: formed by union of gastrosplenic and superior mesenteric veins

Gastrosplenic vein

carries blood from spleen and stomach

located dorsal to stomach

superior mesenteric vein

large vein draining small and large intestine and pancreas

inferior mesenteric vein

parallels course of inferior mesenteric artery

empties into superior mesenteric vein

pancreaticoduodenal vein

anterior branch empties into hepatic portal vein

posterior branch empties into superior mesenteric vein