Campbell Biology Chapter 33 (powell_h)
1) A sponge's structural materials (spicules, spongin) are
manufactured by the
A) pore cells.
B) epidermal cells.
C) choanocytes.
D) amoebocytes.
Answer: D
2) How many of the following can be observed in the mesohyl of
various undisturbed sponges at one time or another?
1. amoebocytes
2. spicules
3. spongin
4.
zygotes
5. choanocytes
A) one of these
B) two of these
C) three of these
D) four of these
E) five of these
Answer: D
3) Which chemical is synthesized by some sponges and acts as an
antibiotic?
A) streptomycin
B) spongin
C) calcium
carbonate
D) silica
E) cribrostatin
Answer: E
4) In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the
cnidocyte of a cnidarian?
A) amoebocyte
B) choanocyte
C) epidermal cell
D) pore cell
Answer: B
5) Sponges are most accurately described as
A) marine
predators.
B) marine filter feeders.
C) freshwater
scavengers.
D) aquatic filter feeders.
E) aquatic predators.
Answer: D
6) How many of the following are characteristics of at least some
members of the phylum Cnidaria?
1. a gastrovascular cavity
2. a polyp stage
3. a
medusa stage
4. cnidocytes
5. a pseudocoelom
A) one of these
B) two of these
C) three of these
D) four of these
E) five of these
Answer: D
7) Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria?
A) They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true
muscle tissue.
B) They are primarily filter feeders.
C)
They have either, or both, of two body forms: mobile polyps and
sessile medusae.
D) They may use a gastrovascular cavity as a
hydrostatic skeleton.
E) They are the simplest organisms with a
complete alimentary canal (two openings).
Answer: D
8) The members of which clade in the phylum Cnidaria occur only as
polyps?
A) Hydrozoa
B) Scyphozoa
C) Anthozoa
D) Cubozoa
Answer: C
9) Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes "jellies"
with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae?
A) Hydrozoa
B) Scyphozoa
C) Anthozoa
D) Cubozoa
Answer: B
10) Corals are most closely related to which group?
A) jellies
B) freshwater hydras
C) sea anemones
D) sponges
E) barnacles
Answer: C
11) Which characteristic(s) is (are) shared by both cnidarians and
flatworms?
A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies
B) true
muscle
C) radial symmetry
D) a digestive system with a
single opening
E) two of these
Answer: D
12) The organ(s) of respiratory gas exchange in oligochaetes is (are)
A) parapodia.
B) gills.
C) the skin.
D) book
lungs.
E) pairs of hollow bristles.
Answer: C
13) Against which hard structure do the circular and longitudinal
muscles of annelids work?
A) bristles
B) cuticle
C)
shell
D) endoskeleton
E) hydrostatic skeleton
Answer: E
14) The excretory organs of annelids are
A) protonephridia.
B) flame bulbs.
C) metanephridia.
D) skin gills.
E) malpighian tubules.
Answer: C
15) Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems
because
A) none of their cells are far removed from the
gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment.
B) they
lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues
derived from mesoderm.
C) their flame bulbs can carry out
respiratory and circulatory functions.
D) their body cavity, a
pseudocoelom, carries out these functions.
Answer: A
16) What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence
of blood flukes in a human population?
A) reduce the mosquito
population
B) reduce the freshwater snail population
C)
purify all drinking water
D) avoid contact with rodent droppings
E) carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables
Answer: B
17) The larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are
usually found
A) encysted in freshwater snails.
B)
encysted in the muscles of an animal, such as a cow or pig.
C)
crawling in the abdominal blood vessels of cows and pigs.
D)
crawling in the intestines of cows and pigs.
Answer: B
18) While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters
large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs
in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore
becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and
eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n)
A) chordate.
B) echinoderm.
C) mollusc.
D)
nematode.
E) arthropod.
Answer: C
19) A brachiopod can be distinguished from a bivalve by the presence
of
A) two hinged shells.
B) a digestive system with
separate mouth and anus.
C) a lophophore.
D) suspension
feeding.
E) a distinct head.
Answer: C
20) If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be
located?
A) mantle cavity
B) coelom
C) incurrent
siphon
D) visceral mass
E) excurrent siphon
Answer: A
21) Which mollusc clade includes members that undergo embryonic
torsion?
A) chitons
B) bivalves
C) gastropods
D) cephalopods
Answer: C
22) A terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which clade?
A) chitons
B) bivalves
C) gastropods
D) cephalopods
Answer: C
23) A radula is present in members of which clade(s)?
A)
chitons
B) bivalves
C) gastropods
D) cephalopods
E) both chitons and gastropods
Answer: E
24) Which of the following is found only among annelids?
A) a
hydrostatic skeleton
B) segmentation
C) a clitellum
D) a closed circulatory system
E) a cuticle made of chitin
Answer: C
25) Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes?
A)
All species can be characterized as scavengers.
B) They have
only longitudinal muscles.
C) They have a true coelom.
D)
They have a gastrovascular cavity.
E) Many species are diploblastic.
Answer: B
26) Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by
A) having
sexual contact with an infected partner.
B) eating undercooked
pork.
C) inhaling the eggs of worms.
D) eating undercooked
beef.
E) being bitten by tsetse flies.
Answer: B
27) How many of the following can be used to distinguish a nematode
worm from an annelid worm?
1. type of body cavity
2. number of muscle layers in the
body wall
3. presence of segmentation
4. number of
embryonic tissue layers
5. shape of worm in cross-sectional view
A) one of these
B) two of these
C) three of these
D) four of these
E) five of these
Answer: C
28) Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following
features?
A) use of fluid in the body cavity as a hydrostatic
skeleton
B) ecdysis
C) presence of a circulatory system
D) presence of segmentation
E) absence of species with
parasitic lifestyles
Answer: A
29) A student observes a wormlike organism crawling about on dead
organic matter. Later, the organism sheds its outer covering. One
possibility is that the organism is a larval insect (like a maggot).
However, it might be a member of the phylum ________, and one way to
distinguish between the two possibilities is by looking for ________.
A) Platyhelminthes; a cuticle of chitin
B) Nematoda; an
alimentary canal
C) Annelida; a body cavity
D) Nematoda; a
circulatory system
E) Annelida; muscle in the body wall
Answer: D
30) The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and
other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer
covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm
belong?
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Arthropoda
C) Nematoda
D) Acoela
E) Annelida
Answer: C
31) Infection with which parasite might cause excessive elasticity in
human skeletal muscles?
A) trichinella worms
B) tapeworms
C) copepods
D) blood flukes
E) rotifers
Answer: A
32) Which of the following are entirely, or partly, composed of
calcium carbonate?
A) spicules of siliceous sponges
B)
coral animals' exoskeletons
C) molluscs' mantles
D)
insects' cuticles
E) nematodes' cuticles
Answer: B
33) How many of the following are characteristics of arthropods?
1. protostome development
2. bilateral symmetry
3. a
pseudocoelom
4. three embryonic germ layers
5. a closed
circulatory system
A) one of these
B) two of these
C) three of these
D) four of these
E) five of these
Answer: C
34) Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum Arthropoda is unique in
possessing members that have
A) a cuticle.
B) a ventral
nerve cord.
C) open circulation.
D) wings.
E)
segmented bodies.
Answer: D
35) A shared derived characteristic for members of the arthropod
subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence of
A)
chelicerae.
B) an open circulatory system.
C) an
exoskeleton.
D) a cuticle.
E) a cephalothorax.
Answer: A
36) You find a small animal with eight legs crawling up your bedroom
wall. Closer examination will probably reveal that this animal has
A) simple, but not compound, eyes.
B) two pairs of
antennae.
C) a head, thorax, and abdomen.
D) tracheae and
spiracles.
E) more than one of these.
Answer: A
37) What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete
metamorphosis in insects?
A) the presence of wings in the adult,
but not in earlier life stages
B) the presence of sex organs in
the adult, but not in earlier life stages
C) the radically
different appearance between adults and earlier life stages
D)
Three of these responses are correct.
E) Two of these responses
are correct.
Answer: C
38) A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following
larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange,
and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict
that the adults of this species would also feature
A) eight
legs.
B) two pairs of antennae.
C) a sessile lifestyle.
D) an open circulatory system.
E) parapodia.
Answer: D
39) The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of
A) spiders.
B) insects.
C) centipedes.
D)
millipedes.
E) crustaceans.
Answer: E
40) One should expect to find the "9 + 2 pattern" of
microtubules in association with the feeding apparatus of which of the
following?
A) annelids
B) coral animals
C) tapeworms
D) sponges
E) terrestrial insects
Answer: D
41) Which of the following is a characteristic of adult echinoderms?
A) bilateral symmetry
B) spiral cleavage
C)
gastrovascular cavity
D) exoskeleton
E) lophophore
Answer: A
42) Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms?
A) They
have an exoskeleton of hard calcareous plates.
B) Tubefeet
provide motility in most species.
C) Digestion occurs completely
outside of the organism.
D) Hemolymph circulates in the water
vascular system.
E) They are found in both freshwater and
saltwater environments.
Answer: B
43) A stalked, sessile marine organism has several feathery feeding
structures surrounding an opening through which food enters. The
organism could potentially be a cnidarian, a lophophorate, a
tube-dwelling worm, a crustacean, or an echinoderm. Which of the
following traits, if found in this organism, would allow the greatest
certainty of identification?
A) the presence of what seems to be
radial symmetry
B) a hard covering made partly of calcium
carbonate
C) a digestive system with mouth and anus separate
from each other
D) a water vascular system
E) a nervous system
Answer: D
44) Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?
A) Mollusca
B) Crustacea
C) Echinodermata
D)
Nematoda
E) Platyhelminthes
Answer: C
45) In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard
outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open
circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a
crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the
following structures would allow for the most certain identification
of the organism?
A) a mantle
B) a heart
C) a body
cavity
D) a filter-feeding apparatus
E) eyes
Answer: A
46) Which of the following is a diploblastic phylum of aquatic
predators?
A) Cnidaria
B) Annelida
C) Mollusca
D) Arthropoda
E) Echinodermata
Answer: A
47) Which of the following factors, when used to label the horizontal
axis of the previous graph, would account most directly for the shape
of the plot?
A) spongin concentration (gm/unit volume)
B)
rate of cribrostatin synthesis (molecules/unit time)
C) number
of pores per sponge
D) number of spicules per sponge
E)
number of choanocytes per sponge
Answer: E
This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish cerata on its
dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhinophores located on
the head.
SEE IMAGE
The nontaxonomic term sea slug encompasses a wide variety of
marine gastropods. One feature they share as adults is the lack of a
shell. We might think, therefore, that they represent defenseless
morsels for predators. In fact, sea slugs have multiple defenses. Some
sea slugs prey on sponges and concentrate sponge toxins in their
tissues. Others feed on cnidarians, digesting everything except the
nematocysts, which they then transfer to their own skins. Whereas the
most brightly colored sea slugs are often highly toxic, others are
nontoxic and mimic the coloration of the toxic species. Their colors
are mostly derived from pigments in their prey. There are also sea
slugs that use their coloration to blend into their environments.
48) Sea slugs can obtain nematocysts by preying on sea
A)
anemones.
B) urchins.
C) daisies.
D) cucumbers.
E) lilies.
Answer: A
This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish cerata on its
dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhinophores located on
the head.
SEE IMAGE
The nontaxonomic term sea slug encompasses a wide variety of
marine gastropods. One feature they share as adults is the lack of a
shell. We might think, therefore, that they represent defenseless
morsels for predators. In fact, sea slugs have multiple defenses. Some
sea slugs prey on sponges and concentrate sponge toxins in their
tissues. Others feed on cnidarians, digesting everything except the
nematocysts, which they then transfer to their own skins. Whereas the
most brightly colored sea slugs are often highly toxic, others are
nontoxic and mimic the coloration of the toxic species. Their colors
are mostly derived from pigments in their prey. There are also sea
slugs that use their coloration to blend into their environments.
49) Which structure do sea slugs use to feed on their prey?
A) nematocysts
B) a sharp beak
C) an incurrent
siphon
D) a radula
E) a mantle cavity
Answer: D
This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish cerata on its
dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhinophores located on
the head.
SEE IMAGE
The nontaxonomic term sea slug encompasses a wide variety of
marine gastropods. One feature they share as adults is the lack of a
shell. We might think, therefore, that they represent defenseless
morsels for predators. In fact, sea slugs have multiple defenses. Some
sea slugs prey on sponges and concentrate sponge toxins in their
tissues. Others feed on cnidarians, digesting everything except the
nematocysts, which they then transfer to their own skins. Whereas the
most brightly colored sea slugs are often highly toxic, others are
nontoxic and mimic the coloration of the toxic species. Their colors
are mostly derived from pigments in their prey. There are also sea
slugs that use their coloration to blend into their environments.
50) By which structures are nematocysts most likely to reach the
skin of sea slugs?
A) the closed circulatory system
B)
branches of the intestine
C) branches of the excurrent siphon
D) branches of the nephridium
E) branches of the pseudocoelom
Answer: B
This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish cerata on its
dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhinophores located on
the head.
SEE IMAGE
The nontaxonomic term sea slug encompasses a wide variety of
marine gastropods. One feature they share as adults is the lack of a
shell. We might think, therefore, that they represent defenseless
morsels for predators. In fact, sea slugs have multiple defenses. Some
sea slugs prey on sponges and concentrate sponge toxins in their
tissues. Others feed on cnidarians, digesting everything except the
nematocysts, which they then transfer to their own skins. Whereas the
most brightly colored sea slugs are often highly toxic, others are
nontoxic and mimic the coloration of the toxic species. Their colors
are mostly derived from pigments in their prey. There are also sea
slugs that use their coloration to blend into their environments.
51) The nematocysts of sea slugs should be most effective at
protecting individual sea slugs from predation if the predators
A) remove small bites of flesh from sea slugs, and have
long-term memory.
B) remove small bites of flesh from sea slugs,
and have no long-term memory.
C) consume entire sea slugs in one
gulp, and have no long-term memory.
D) consume entire sea slugs
in one gulp, and have long-term memory.
Answer: A
52) According to the graph, during which season(s) of the year is the
relationship between the sea slug and its dinoflagellates closest to
being commensal?
A) winter
B) spring
C) summer
D) fall
E) spring and fall
Answer: A
53) If we assume that carbon is the sole nutrient needed by sea slugs
to drive their cellular respiration, then based on the graph, during
which season(s) is it least necessary for P. ianthina to act as a
chemoheterotroph?
A) winter
B) spring
C) summer
D) fall
E) spring and fall
Answer: C
54) Aside from the density of dinoflagellates in P. ianthina skin,
how many of the following factors can affect whether or not the
endosymbiotic dinoflagellates promote the sea slug's survival
(assuming latitudes above or below Earth's equator)?
1. day length
2. height of sun above the horizon
3.
cloud cover
4. depth at which P. ianthina lives
5. water
clarity
A) two of these
B) three of these
C) four of these
D) five of these
Answer: D
55) If the dinoflagellate-containing sea slug, P. ianthina, otherwise
preys on coral animals, then it would be least surprising to find that
A) P. ianthina has no tolerance to the toxin in the nematocysts
of its prey.
B) P. ianthina can locate its coral prey by
chemicals released into the water by corals.
C) The coral prey
harbor dinoflagellates in their tissues.
D) The coral prey
transform themselves into medusas to flee from approaching P. ianthina.
Answer: C
56) The sea slug, Elysia chorotica, has no nematocysts or
dinoflagellates but, rather, has "naked" chloroplasts in its
skin. The chloroplasts are all that remain of the seaweed (Vaucheria
sp.) that Elysia feeds upon. The chloroplasts are transferred to the
skin; consequently, this slug is green. It spends most of its time
basking in shallow water on the surface of seaweeds. How should we
expect its chloroplasts to benefit the Elysia sea slug?
1. provide Elysia with fixed CO₂
2. provide Elysia with
fixed N₂
3. provide Elysia with protective coloration
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
The sea slug, Pteraeolidia ianthina, can harbor living
dinoflagellates (photosynthetic protists) in its skin. These
endosymbiotic dinoflagellates reproduce quickly enough to maintain
their populations. Low populations do not affect the sea slugs very
much, but high populations (> 5 x 105 cells/mg of sea slug protein)
can promote sea slug survival.
57) If 100,000 sea slug cells together contain 1.0 mg of
protein, then what is the minimum number of dinoflagellates per sea
slug cell that constitutes a "high," and therefore
beneficial, population?
A) 1 cell
B) 5 cells
C) 10
cells
D) 50 cells
E) 100 cells
Answer: B
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
58) The claws on the foremost trunk segment of centipedes have a
function most similar to that of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal
plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: C
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
59) The feet of certain insects, notably of female butterflies,
have a function most similar to that of
A) rhinophores.
B)
dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: A
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
60) The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to
that of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C)
cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: C
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
61) The spiracles and tracheae of insects have a function most
similar to that of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: B
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
62) The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that
of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: A
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
63) The lateral flaps of planaria heads have a function most
similar to that of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: A
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
64) The parapodia of polychaetes have a function most similar to
that of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C)
cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: B
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
65) The spines of sea stars have a function most similar to that
of
A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.
Answer: C
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
66) The small, thin extensions of the skin on the aboral
surfaces of sea stars have a function most similar to that of
A)
rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more
than one of these.
Answer: B
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
67) If nudibranch rhinophores are located at the anteriors of
these sea slugs, then they contribute to the sea slugs'
A)
segmentation.
B) lack of torsion.
C) cephalization.
D) identity as lophotrochozoans.
E) ability to
successfully carry out a sessile lifestyle.
Answer: C
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
68) Nudibranchs usually have two rhinophores. However, if they
had a single rhinophore, it could still carry out the function of two
rhinophores, and with similar effectiveness, if this single rhinophore
A) had two branches, one directed to the left, the other to the
right.
B) had two branches, one directed toward the head, the
other directed toward the tail.
C) was as long as two
rhinophores placed end to end.
D) had cilia whose power strokes
directed water away from the surface of the slug.
E) was located
within the mantle cavity.
Answer: A
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
69) The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on
the flesh of live coral. At times, these sea stars undergo poorly
understood population explosions. What impact should such explosions
have on those sea slugs that bear cerata (cerata contain nematocysts)?
Population explosions of this sea star should
A) benefit sea
slugs by distracting their prey.
B) benefit sea slugs by helping
subdue their prey.
C) harm sea slugs by competing with them for
food.
D) harm sea slugs by consuming them as food.
E) harm
sea slugs by fouling the water with their feces.
Answer: C
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
70) The sharp, inch-long thorns of the crown-of-thorns sea star
are its spines. These spines, unlike those of most other sea stars,
contain a potent toxin. If it were discovered that crown-of-thorns sea
stars do not make this toxin themselves, then the most likely
alternative would be that this toxin is
A) derived from the
nematocysts of its prey.
B) absorbed from the surrounding
seawater.
C) an endotoxin of cellulose-digesting bacteria that
inhabit the sea star's digestive glands.
D) injected into
individual thorns by mutualistic corals which live on the aboral
surfaces of these sea stars.
Answer: A
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
71) The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on
the flesh of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea
stars, then what actually provides nutrition to the sea star, and
which chemical (besides the toxin within their nematocysts) do the
corals rely on for protection?
A) medusas; silica
B)
exoskeleton; silica
C) exoskeleton; calcium carbonate
D)
polyps; calcium carbonate
E) polyps; silica
Answer: D
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
72) The reason their exoskeletons cannot protect the corals from
sea stars is that the sea star
A) is immune to the toxin of the
nematocysts.
B) thorns are sharp and toxic.
C) tubefeet
act as tiny syringes that suck the corals out of their exoskeletons.
D) stomach can be everted, and can release digestive juices
directly onto the corals.
Answer: D
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
73) A natural predator of the crown-of-thorns sea star is a
mollusc called the Giant Triton, Charonia tritonis. If the triton uses
a radula to saw into the sea star, then to which clade should the
triton belong?
A) chitons
B) bivalves
C) gastropods
D) cephalopods
Answer: C
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various
protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores
are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many
chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform
respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal
surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
74) Which human profession is most analogous to the lifestyle of
the sea slugs described in this scenario?
A) physician
B)
pirate
C) pharmacist
D) plumber
E) painter
Answer: B
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and
aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the
family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by
some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces
or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water.
Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery
organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes
everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.
75) From this description, one can conclude that the organisms
that have caught Sarah's attention are
A) insects.
B)
crustaceans.
C) aquatic spiders.
D) myriapods.
E) eurypterids.
Answer: A
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and
aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the
family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by
some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces
or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water.
Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery
organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes
everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.
76) Sarah noticed the presence of many empty exoskeletons
attached to emergent vegetation. These exoskeletons looked exactly
like those of the largest of the "mystery organisms" she had
seen in the pond. They also looked similar to the bodies of the
dragonflies that patrolled the surface of the pond. If Sarah had
learned a lot from her college biology class, what should she have
concluded about the mysterious pond organisms?
A) They are
larval dragonflies, destined to undergo incomplete metamorphosis.
B) They are larval dragonflies, destined to undergo complete
metamorphosis.
C) They are adult dragonflies, so old that they
can no longer fly, have fallen into the pond, but have not yet
drowned.
D) They are adult dragonflies that must, like many
amphibian species, return to water in order to mate.
Answer: A
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and
aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the
family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by
some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces
or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water.
Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery
organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes
everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.
77) If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah
should expect them to have all of the following structures, except
A) antennae.
B) an open circulatory system.
C) an
exoskeleton of chitin.
D) complex eyes.
E) sex organs.
Answer: E
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and
aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the
family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by
some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces
or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water.
Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery
organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes
everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.
78) Sarah observed that the mystery pond organisms never come up
to the pond's surface. If she catches one of these organisms and
observes closely, perhaps dissecting the organism, she should find
A) gills.
B) spiracles.
C) tracheae.
D) book lungs.
Answer: A
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and
aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the
family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by
some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces
or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water.
Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery
organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes
everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.
79) Sarah had learned that ancestral (Carboniferous era)
dragonfly species were much larger than extant dragonfly species are,
with wingspans of 70 cm. This struck her as odd, because she had also
learned that one of the things that keeps insects small is their
relatively inefficient respiratory system. Which two hypotheses might
help account for the large size of ancestral dragonflies?
1.If the atmosphere during the Carboniferous era had featured a
higher oxygen content than the modern atmosphere, then the tracheae
might have been a sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior
tissues.
2. If large size was a drawback, then the large
dragonflies underwent extinction, which explains why all extant
dragonflies are smaller.
3. If the ancestral dragonflies had
possessed muscles that permitted effective ventilation of the
tracheae, then the tracheae might have been a sufficient means for
oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
4. If ancestral
dragonflies existed during greenhouse conditions, then they must have
survived by decreasing their activity levels, such as no longer
capturing prey in flight. Thus, for them, an ineffective respiratory
system was sufficient.
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 1 and 4
D) 2 and 3
E) 2 and 4
Answer: B
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
80) One day, little Tommy (a student in an undersupervised class
of 40 fifth graders) got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish), who was
swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater
"flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals.
Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals felt sticky. A few hours
later, Tommy was in the nurse's office with nausea and cramps.
Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed
the presence of
A) teeth marks.
B) spines.
C)
spicules.
D) nematocysts.
E) a radula.
Answer: D
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
81) How many of the following organisms possess bilateral
symmetry as adults?
1. sponges
2. molluscs
3. echinoderm
4. sea
anemones
5. ectoprocts
A) one of these
B) two of these
C) three of these
D) four of these
E) five of these
Answer: D
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
82) If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore
is and how it works, the teacher would point out a feeding
A)
hydra.
B) sponge.
C) bivalve.
D) gastropod.
E) ectoproct.
Answer: E
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
83) The bivalves started to die one by one; only the undamaged
shells remained. To keep the remaining bivalves alive, the teacher
would have to remove the
A) sea anemones.
B) sea star.
C) gastropods.
D) ectoprocts.
E) parrotfish.
Answer: B
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
84) If the teacher had used a dissecting microscope to examine
the outer surfaces of the empty bivalve shells, the teacher would
probably have seen marks that had been left by
A) jaws.
B)
nematocysts.
C) tubefeet.
D) a lophophore.
E) a madreporite.
Answer: C
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
85) The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension
feeding and predation. The teacher thought that providing live
copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) would satisfy the
dietary needs of all of the organisms. Consequently, which two
organisms would have been among the first to starve to death (assuming
they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)?
A) sponges and corals
B) sea stars and sponges
C) shrimp and bivalves
D)
corals and bivalves
E) bivalves and sponges
Answer: E
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
86) If the teacher had wanted to demonstrate that some
invertebrates possess a closed circulatory system, the teacher should
have removed and dissected a
A) mollusc.
B) sea star.
C) shrimp.
D) polychaete.
E) parrotfish.
Answer: D
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the
classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria
can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the
teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the
tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a
siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of
different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct,
a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she
added some vertebrates–a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for
daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish
87) Had the teacher wanted to point out organisms that belong to
the most successful animal phylum, the teacher should have chosen the
A) bivalves and gastropods.
B) sea anemones and hydra.
C) shrimp and copepods.
D) polychaete.
Answer: C
88) The clownfish readily swims among the tentacles of the sea anemones; the parrotfish avoids them. One hypothesis for the clownfish's apparent immunity is that they slowly build a tolerance to the sea anemone's toxin. A second hypothesis is that a chemical in the mucus that coats the clownfish prevents the nematocysts from being triggered. Which of the following graphs supports the second, but not the first, of these hypotheses?
Answer: C
89) The teacher and class were especially saddened when the colonial
hydrozoan died. They had watched it carefully, and the unfortunate
creature never even got to produce offspring by budding. Yet, everyone
was elated when Tommy (now recovered) noticed a small colonial
hydrozoan growing in a part of the tank far from the location of the
original colony. The teacher was apparently unaware that these
hydrozoans exhibit
A) spontaneous generation.
B)
abiogenesis.
C) alternation of generations.
D) ecdysis.
E) a medusa stage.
Answer: E
90) A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share
A) a mantle.
B) a radula.
C) gills.
D) embryonic torsion.
E) distinct cephalization.
Answer: A
91) Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented
body?
A) Cnidaria
B) Platyhelminthes
C) Porifera
D) Arthropoda
E) Mollusca
Answer: D
92) The water vascular system of echinoderms
A) functions as a
circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells.
B)
functions in locomotion and feeding.
C) is bilateral in
organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally
symmetrical.
D) moves water through the animal's body during
suspension feeding.
E) is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity
of flatworms.
Answer: B
93) Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is
incorrect?
A) Echinodermata–bilateral symmetry as a larva,
coelom present
B) Nematoda–roundworms, pseudocoelomate
C)
Cnidaria–radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms
D)
Platyhelminthes–flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
E)
Porifera–gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
Answer: E