Campbell Biology Chapter 30 (powell_h)
1) Which group is noted for the independence of gametophyte and
sporophyte generations from each other?
A) ferns
B)
mosses, hornworts, and liverworts
C) charophytes
D)
angiosperms
E) gymnosperms
Answer: A
2) All of the following cellular structures are functionally
important in cells of the gametophytes of both angiosperms and
gymnosperms except
A) haploid nuclei.
B) mitochondria.
C) cell walls.
D) chloroplasts.
E) peroxisomes.
Answer: D
3) The seed coat's most important function is to provide
A) a
nonstressful environment for the megasporangium.
B) the means
for dispersal.
C) dormancy.
D) a nutrient supply for the
embryo.
E) desiccation resistance.
Answer: E
4) In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are
unique to the seed-producing plants?
A) sporopollenin
B)
lignin present in cell walls
C) pollen
D) use of air
currents as a dispersal agent
E) megaphylls
Answer: C
5) Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the skin cells of
humans, produce a pigment upon increased exposure to UV radiation.
Rank the following cells, from greatest to least, in terms of the
likelihood of producing this pigment.
1. cells of sporangium
2. cells in the interior of a
subterranean root
3. epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls
4. cells of a gametophyte
A) 3, 4, 1, 2
B) 3, 4, 2, 1
C) 3, 1, 4, 2
D)
3, 2, 1, 4
E) 3, 1, 2, 4
Answer: C
6) Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to
most recent, in which these plant traits originated.
1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence
2.
sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence
3. gametophyte
dominance, sporophyte dependence
A) 1 → 2 → 3
B) 2 → 3 → 1
C) 2 → 1 → 3
D) 3 →
2 → 1
E) 3 → 1 → 2
Answer: E
7) In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain
and has a function most like that of the seed coat?
A)
sporophyll
B) male gametophyte
C) sporopollenin
D)
stigma
E) sporangium
Answer: C
8) In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the
pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a
A)
moss sporophyte.
B) moss gametophyte bearing both male and
female gametangia.
C) fern sporophyte.
D) hermaphroditic
fern gametophyte.
E) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia.
Answer: E
9) Which of the following is most important in making the typical
seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?
A) a different type of sporopollenin
B) an internal
reservoir of liquid water
C) integument(s)
D) ability to
be dispersed
E) waxy cuticle
Answer: C
10) A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants.
One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue
red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then
rinses away the excess stain, what should occur?
A) The pollen
grains will be pure red.
B) The pollen grains will be pure blue.
C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.
D) The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors.
E) Insofar as the pollen grains are independent of the plant
that produced them, they will not absorb either stain.
Answer: C
11) Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant (living) ferns
because they
A) are woody.
B) have macrophylls.
C)
have pollen.
D) have sporophylls.
E) have spores.
Answer: C
12) Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed
plants that grow
A) close to the ground.
B) in dense,
single-species stands.
C) in relative isolation from other
members of the same species.
D) along coastlines where
prevailing winds blow from the land out to sea.
E) in
well-drained soils.
Answer: B
13) Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion
of the pine life cycle?
A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to
produce eggs.
B) Seeds are produced in pollen-producing
cones.
C) Pollen grains contain female gametophytes.
D) A
pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.
Answer: A
14) Which of the following statements is true of the pine life cycle?
A) Cones are homologous to the capsules of moss plants.
B)
The pine tree is a gametophyte.
C) Male and female gametophytes
are in close proximity during gamete synthesis.
D) Conifer
pollen grains contain male gametophytes.
E) Double fertilization
is a relatively common phenomenon.
Answer: D
15) Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence
in which the following should appear during development, assuming that
fertilization occurs?
1. sporophyte embryo
2. female gametophyte
3. egg
cell
4. megaspore
A) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1
C) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3
D) 1 → 4 → 3 → 2
E) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3
Answer: B
16) Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms?
A)
nonfertile flower parts
B) triploid endosperm
C) fruits
D) pollen
E) carpels
Answer: D
17) Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine
trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from
most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. sporophyte
2. microspores
3. microsporangia
4. pollen cone
5. pollen nuclei
A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
B) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
C) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
D) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
E) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
Answer: A
18) Which trait(s) is (are) shared by many modern gymnosperms and
angiosperms?
1. pollen transported by wind
2. lignified xylem
3.
microscopic gametophytes
4. sterile sporophylls, modified to
attract pollinators
5. endosperm
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 3
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 3,
and 5
E) 2, 4, and 5
Answer: C
19) Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
A) stigma
B) carpel
C) ovule
D) ovary
E) anthers
Answer: C
20) A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant
sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and cell walls made of cellulose. In
assigning this plant to a phylum, which of the following, if present,
would be least useful?
A) endosperm
B) seeds
C)
sperm that lack flagella
D) flowers
E) spores
Answer: E
21) What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone
scales?
A) They are female reproductive parts.
B) None are
capable of photosynthesis.
C) They are modified leaves.
D)
They are found on flowers.
E) They are found on angiosperms.
Answer: C
22) Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery
shell. Similarly, which pair of structures protects seed plants'
embryos and male gametophytes, respectively, from desiccation?
A) ovuleswaxy cuticle
B) ovariesfilaments
C)
fruitsstamens
D) pollen grainswaxy cuticle
E) integumentssporopollenin
Answer: E
23) Which of the following sex and generation combinations most
directly produces the integument of a pine seed?
A) male
gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
Answer: D
24) Which of the following sex and generation combinations most
directly produces the pollen tube?
A) male gametophyte
B)
female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
Answer: A
25) Which of the following sex and generation combinations most
directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?
A) male
gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
Answer: D
26) Which of the following sex and generation combinations most
directly produces the fruit?
A) male gametophyte
B) female
gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
Answer: D
27) Given the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms in the
development of the integument(s), which of these statements is the
most logical consequence?
A) The seed coats of angiosperms
should be relatively thicker than those of gymnosperms.
B) It
should be much more difficult for pollen tubes to enter angiosperm
ovules than for them to enter gymnosperm ovules.
C) The female
gametophytes of angiosperms should not be as well protected from
environmental stress as should those of gymnosperms.
D) As a
direct consequence of such differences, angiosperms should have fruit.
E) Angiosperm seeds should be more susceptible to desiccation.
Answer: A
28) Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?
A) complete reliance on wind as the pollinating agent
B)
double internal fertilization
C) free-living gametophytes
D) carpels that contain microsporangia
E) ovules that are
not contained within ovaries
Answer: B
29) Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?
A) The flower includes sporophyte tissue.
B) The
gametophyte generation is dominant.
C) The gametophyte
generation is what we see when looking at a large plant.
D) The
sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic.
E) The sporophyte
generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower.
Answer: A
30) What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of
angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous
(fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds
are dispersed by other means?
1. The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.
2. The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that
irritate the lining of the animal's mouth.
3. The seed coat
should be able to withstand low pH's.
4. The seed coat, upon its
complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.
5. The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive
enzymes.
A) 4 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3 and 5
E) 3, 4, and 5
Answer: D
31) The seeds of orchids are among the smallest known, with virtually
no endosperm and with miniscule seed leaves. Consequently, what should
one expect to be true of such seeds?
A) They require extensive
periods of dormancy during which the embryo develops.
B) They
are surrounded by brightly colored, sweet fruit.
C) They
germinate very soon after being released from the ovary.
D) The
developing embryo within is dependent upon the gametophyte for
nutrition.
E) The sporophytes that produce such seeds are wind-pollinated.
Answer: C
32) Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophytes?
A) immature ovules
B) pollen tubes
C) ovaries
D) stamens
E) sepals
Answer: B
33) Which of the following statements is true of monocots?
A)
They are currently thought to be polyphyletic.
B) The veins of
their leaves form a netlike pattern.
C) They, along with the
eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in
the phylum Anthophyta.
D) Each possesses multiple cotyledons.
E) They are in the clade that includes most of our crops, except
the cereal grains.
Answer: C
34) Carpels and stamens are
A) sporophyte plants in their own
right.
B) gametophyte plants in their own right.
C)
gametes.
D) spores.
E) modified sporophylls.
Answer: E
35) Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm
carpels?
A) Carpels are features of the gametophyte generation.
B) Carpels consist of anther and stamen.
C) Carpels are
structures that directly produce male gametes.
D) Carpels
surround and nourish the female gametophyte.
E) Carpels consist
of highly modified microsporangia.
Answer: D
36) The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid.
This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of
cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm
cells?
A) binary fission
B) mitosis
C) meiosis
D) mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis
E) meiosis
without subsequent cytokinesis
Answer: B
37) Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features
the formation of
A) two embryos from one egg and two sperm
cells.
B) one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells.
C) two embryos from two sperm cells and two eggs.
D) one
embryo involving one sperm cell and an endosperm involving a second
sperm cell.
E) one embryo from two eggs fertilized by a single
sperm cell.
Answer: D
38) Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover,
etc.) the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itself called a
legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly
observed that some ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other
ovules have not. Thus, which of the following statements is (are)
true?
1. The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated.
2. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods.
3. There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to
all of the ovules in such pods.
4. The ovules that failed to
develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.
5.
Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 5
C) 2 and 4
D) 2 and 5
E) 3 and 5
Answer: D
39) How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?
A) by nourishing the plants that make them
B) by
facilitating dispersal of seeds
C) by attracting insects to the
pollen inside
D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective
coat
E) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization
Answer: B
40) Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest,
assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm.
1. ovary
2. ovule
3. egg
4. carpel
5.
embryo sac
A) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
B) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
C) 5, 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
E) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3
Answer: E
41) Which structure(s) must pass through the micropyle for successful
fertilization to occur in angiosperms?
A) only one sperm nucleus
B) two sperm nuclei
C) the pollen tube
D) Two of the
responses above are correct.
Answer: D
42) Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization
in angiosperms is to
A) decrease the potential for mutation by
insulating the embryo with other cells.
B) increase the number
of fertilization events and offspring produced.
C) promote
diversity in flower shape and color.
D) coordinate developmental
timing between the embryo and its food stores.
E) emphasize
embryonic survival by increasing embryo size.
Answer: D
43) Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?
A) ovule
B) ovary
C) fruit
D) stamen
Answer: A
44) Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a
fleshy fruit?
A) stigma
B) style
C) ovule
D)
ovary
E) micropyle
Answer: D
45) Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of
the following features is unique to them and helps account for their
success?
A) wind pollination
B) dominant gametophytes
C) fruits enclosing seeds
D) embryos enclosed within seed
coats
E) sperm cells without flagella
Answer: C
46) In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures
encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg?
1. micropyle
2. style
3. ovary
4. stigma
A) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1
B) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
C) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3
D) 1 → 3 → 4 → 2
E) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
Answer: A
47) Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive
to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These
secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that
A) prevent
desiccation.
B) favor pollination.
C) foster seed
dispersal.
D) decrease competition.
E) inhibit herbivory.
Answer: E
48) The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a
one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the
seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to
surfaces, such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds.
What should be expected of the fruit if the viscosity of Viscum seeds
is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for
infecting host plant tissues?
A) It should be drab in color.
B) It should be colored so as to provide it with camouflage.
C) It should be nutritious.
D) It should secrete enzymes
that can digest bark.
E) It should contain chemicals that cause
birds to fly to the ground and vomit.
Answer: C
49) Cutting down rain forests can lead to
A) decreased
temperatures.
B) decreased rainfall.
C) decreased
atmospheric carbon dioxide.
D) increased biodiversity.
E)
more than one of these.
Answer: B
50) The cutting and burning of tropical rain forests leads to which
of the following?
1. addition of CO₂ to the atmosphere
2. decreased removal
of CO₂ from the atmosphere
3. greenhouse effect
4. global
warming
5. decreasing sea level
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 2,
3, and 4
E) 2, 3, 4, and 5
Answer: D
51) Over human history, which process has been most important in
improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as
staple foods?
A) genetic engineering
B) artificial
selection
C) natural selection
D) sexual selection
E) pesticide and herbicide application
Answer: B
52) What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
A) insects
B) grazing and browsing by animals
C) pathogenic fungi
D) competition with other plants
E) human population growth
Answer: E
53) A botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of
discovering plants with medicinal properties. All of the following
might be ways of identifying potentially useful plants except
A)
observing which plants sick animals seek out.
B) observing which
plants are the most used food plants.
C) observing which plants
animals do not eat.
D) collecting plants and subjecting them to
chemical analysis.
E) asking local people which plants they use
as medicine.
Answer: B
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
54) In Figure 30.1, which number represents the mature
gametophyte?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 11
Answer: D
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
55) In Figure 30.1, which number represents an embryo?
A)
1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 9
E) 11
Answer: E
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
56) Meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)
in Figure 30.1?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 2 and 8
D) 4 and
8
E) 10 and 12
Answer: B
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
57) Which number represents a megaspore mother cell in Figure
30.1?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 11
Answer: B
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
58) In Figure 30.1, the process labeled "6" involves
A) nuclear fission.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D)
fertilization.
E) binary fission.
Answer: B
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
59) The embryo sac of an angiosperm flower is best represented
by which number in Figure 30.1?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 9
E) 11
Answer: C
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land
plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square
represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an
arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
60) In angiosperms, which number in Figure 30.1 most nearly
represents the event that initiates the formation of endosperm?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 12
Answer: D
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about
300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the
Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are
pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)
and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls,
the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen
cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize
neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most
animals, including humans.
61) Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other
gymnosperms?
1. They have exposed ovules.
2. They have flagellated
sperm.
3. They are pollinated by animals.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 2 and 3
E) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about
300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the
Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are
pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)
and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls,
the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen
cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize
neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most
animals, including humans.
62) Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many
angiosperms?
1. They have exposed ovules.
2. They have flagellated
sperm.
3. They are pollinated by animals.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 2 and 3
E) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: C
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about
300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the
Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are
pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)
and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls,
the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen
cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize
neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most
animals, including humans.
63) If the beetles survive by consuming cycad pollen, then
whether the beetles should be considered mutualists with, or parasites
of, the cycads depends upon
A) the extent to which their overall
activities affect cycad reproduction.
B) the extent to which the
beetles are affected by the neurotoxins.
C) the extent to which
the beetles damage the cycad flowers.
D) the distance the
beetles must travel between cycad microsporophylls and cycad megasporophylls.
Answer: A
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about
300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the
Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are
pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)
and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls,
the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen
cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize
neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most
animals, including humans.
64) On the Pacific island of Guam, large herbivorous bats called
"flying foxes" commonly feed on cycad seeds, a potent source
of neurotoxins. The flying foxes do not visit male cones.
Consequently, what should be true?
A) The flying foxes are
attracted to cycad fruit, and eat the enclosed seeds only by accident.
B) Flying foxes are highly susceptible to the effects of the
neurotoxins.
C) The flying foxes assist the beetles as important
pollinating agents of the cycads.
D) Flying foxes can be
dispersal agents of cycad seeds if the seeds sometimes get swallowed
whole (in other words, without getting chewed).
Answer: D
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about
300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the
Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are
pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)
and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls,
the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen
cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize
neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most
animals, including humans.
65) If one were to erect a new taxon of plants that included all
plants that are pollinated by animals, and only plants that are
pollinated by animals, then this new taxon would be
A)
monophyletic.
B) paraphyletic.
C) polyphyletic.
D)
identical in composition to the phylum Anthophyta.
E) identical
in composition to the phylum Cycadophyta.
Answer: C
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes
within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each
of the following onion tissues.
66) How many chromosomes should be in a tube cell nucleus?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32
Answer: B
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes
within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each
of the following onion tissues.
67) How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32
Answer: D
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes
within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each
of the following onion tissues.
68) How many chromosomes should be in a generative cell nucleus?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32
Answer: B
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes
within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each
of the following onion tissues.
69) How many chromosomes should be in an embryo sac nucleus?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32
Answer: B
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes
within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each
of the following onion tissues.
70) How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32
Answer: C
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes
within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each
of the following onion tissues.
71) How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32
Answer: C
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm
cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is
(are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the
embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an
environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated
by one or both parents.
72) The yolk and/or albumen of an animal egg is what type of
angiosperm analog?
A) endosperm
B) pollen tube and sperm
nuclei
C) carpels
D) fruit
E) integuments
Answer: A
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm
cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is
(are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the
embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an
environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated
by one or both parents.
73) The shell of an animal egg is what type of angiosperm
analog?
A) endosperm
B) pollen tube and sperm nuclei
C) carpels
D) fruit
E) integuments
Answer: E
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm
cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is
(are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the
embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an
environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated
by one or both parents.
74) The internal fertilization that occurs prior to shell
deposition is what type of angiosperm analog?
A) endosperm
B) pollen tube and sperm nuclei
C) carpels
D) fruit
E) integuments
Answer: B
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm
cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is
(are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the
embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an
environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated
by one or both parents.
75) The dispersal and/or nurture of young after hatching from
the egg is what type of angiosperm analog?
A) endosperm
B)
pollen tube and sperm nuclei
C) carpels
D) fruit
E) integuments
Answer: D
Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively.
They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to
study about plants because plants have little relevance to their
chosen professions.
76) It would be best for these students, and for society in the
long run, if their biology professor responds by
A)
acknowledging their concern, and promising not to hold them
responsible for any material on plants.
B) chiding them for
their careerist attitudes, and advising them to whine less and study
more.
C) offering extra credit for a research paper on plants
that harm humans, as well as plants that heal humans.
D)
lowering the stress level by providing them with the relevant test
questions from the upcoming test so they can research the answers
ahead of time.
Answer: C
Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively.
They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to
study about plants because plants have little relevance to their
chosen professions.
77) From reading their biology textbook, what would Harold and
Kumar discover?
A) About one-quarter of all prescription drugs
come from seed plants.
B) Prescription drugs that enter the
water table are responsible for the extinction of many plants.
C) Much of what was once rain forest has been replanted with
fields of medicinally valuable plants.
D) All rain forest plants
contain at least one chemical useful as a medicine.
Answer: A
Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively.
They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to
study about plants because plants have little relevance to their
chosen professions.
78) Kumar, especially, might be well advised to learn more about
A) cell wall components, such as lignins and pectins.
B)
secondary metabolites.
C) accessory photosynthetic pigments.
D) sporopollenin.
E) the wax of cuticles.
Answer: B
Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively.
They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to
study about plants because plants have little relevance to their
chosen professions.
79) Which adaptation(s) of land plants is (are) likely to
provide Harold with future patients?
A) sporophyte dominance
B) defenses against herbivory
C) those for using wind to
disperse male gametophytes
D) All three of the responses above
are potentially medically significant.
E) Two of the responses
above are potentially medically significant.
Answer: E
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
80) Animals that consume Brazil nuts are deriving nutrition
mostly from tissue whose nuclei have how many chromosomes?
A) 17
B) 34
C) 51
D) 68
E) There is not enough
information to say.
Answer: C
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
81) The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the
only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil
nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and
leaves still others behind inside the fruit, which moisture can now
enter. The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate. Consequently,
which terms describe the relationship between the Brazil nut tree and
the agouti?
1. parasitic
2. commensalistic
3. symbiotic
4.
endosymbiotic
5. mutualistic
A) 1 and 3
B) 2 and 4
C) 2 and 5
D) 3 and 5
E) 4 and 5
Answer: D
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
82) Entrepreneurs attempted, but failed, to harvest nuts from
plantations grown in Southeast Asia. Attempts to grow Brazil nut trees
in South American plantations also failed. In both cases, the trees
grew vigorously, produced healthy flowers in profusion, but set no
fruit. Consequently, what is the likely source of the problem?
A) poor sporophyte viability
B) poor sporophyte fertility
C) failure to produce fertile ovules
D) failure to produce
pollen
E) pollination failure
Answer: E
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
83) The agouti is most directly involved with the Brazil nut
tree's dispersal of
A) male gametophytes.
B) female
gametophytes.
C) sporophyte embryos.
D) sporophyte
megaspores.
E) female gametes.
Answer: C
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
84) The harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja, is the largest, most
powerful raptor in the Americas. It nests only in trees taller than 25
meters. It is a "sloth specialist," but will also take
agouti. Thus, if these eagles capture too many agoutis from a
particular locale, they might contribute to their own demise by
A) having too many offspring.
B) increasing habitat loss.
C) decreasing atmospheric CO2.
D) increasing the number of sloths.
Answer: B
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
85) Brazil nut trees begin producing fruit at the age of 10
years, reach final height at about 120 years, and can live for over
500 years. A landowner can earn more by felling a Brazil nut tree and
selling it for lumber than from several seasons' worth of Brazil nut
harvests from the same tree. Thus, it makes greater financial sense in
the long run to harvest
A) all of the Brazil nut trees and sell
them for lumber.
B) all of the nuts, and only then harvest all
of the trees.
C) the nuts for many seasons.
D) remove no
resources from the forest.
Answer: C
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
86) Native peoples traditionally use Brazil nuts to treat
stomach ache, inflammation, hypersensitivity, and hepatitis.
Consequently, a scientist should be interested in promoting
A)
better education for the native peoples so that they will overcome
their old ways.
B) clear-cutting forests containing Brazil nut
trees to make way for crops with proven medical benefits.
C) an
increase in the living standards of the native peoples so that they
might be able to purchase modern pharmaceuticals.
D) the
evaluation of Brazil nut chemicals for use as potential drugs.
E) that free, FDA-approved medicines be provided to the
impoverished natives.
Answer: D
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
87) To help ensure a prosperous future for the largest number of
people, developed countries should
A) help underdeveloped
countries to more effectively exploit and market their natural
resources.
B) apply sanctions on developing countries that fail
to curtail their rates of growth and development.
C) conserve at
home and exploit resources abroad.
D) reuse, recycle, and reduce
at home, while encouraging the same abroad.
E) work for the
removal of indigenous peoples from endangered habitats, so as to
better preserve limited resources in those habitats.
Answer: D
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
88) In the long run, harvesting Brazil nut trees for their
lumber is most likely to benefit
A) harpy eagles.
B) later
generations of humans.
C) agoutis.
D) orchid bees.
E) sloths.
Answer: E
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
89) People who attempted to plant Brazil nuts in hopes of
establishing plantations of Brazil nut trees played roles most similar
to those of
A) agoutis.
B) orchid bees.
C) pollen
tubes.
D) harpy eagles.
Answer: A
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
90) The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut
trees pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (in other words, plants
that grow on other plants); however, orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut
trees. These observations explain
A) the coevolution of Brazil
nut trees and orchids.
B) why Brazil nut trees do not set fruit
in plantations.
C) why male orchid bees do not pollinate Brazil
nut tree flowers.
D) why male orchid bees are smaller than
female orchid bees.
E) the importance of orchid and Brazil nut
tree flowers for the production of orchid bee honey.
Answer: B
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
91) If a female orchid bee has just left a Brazil nut tree with
nectar in her stomach, and if she visits only other flowers on the
same tree, the result should be
A) pollination.
B) more
nectar in her stomach.
C) more pollen in her pollen basket.
D) Three of the responses above are correct.
E) Two of the
responses above are correct.
Answer: E
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
92) If a female orchid bee has just left a Brazil nut tree with
nectar in her stomach, and if she visits another flower on a different
Brazil nut tree, what is the sequence in which the following events
should occur?
1. double fertilization
2. pollen tube emerges from pollen
grain
3. pollen tube enters micropyle
4. pollination
A) 4, 2, 3, 1
B) 4, 2, 1, 3
C) 4, 3, 2, 1
D)
2, 4, 3, 1
E) 2, 4, 1, 3
Answer: A
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
93) Orchid bees are to Brazil nut trees as ________ are to pine
trees.
A) breezes
B) rain droplets
C) seed-eating birds
D) squirrels
E) both seed-eating birds and squirrels
Answer: A
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
94) The taller a Brazil nut tree is,
1. the more valuable it is as a source of lumber.
2. the
less useful it is to harpy eagles.
3. the greater its
photosynthetic rate relative to neighboring plants.
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1 and 3
D) 2 and 3
Answer: C
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
95) Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships
between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two
organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism
that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labeled with
(+), and if negative, then the label is (-). Which of the following
models best illustrates the relationship of the Brazil nut tree and
the other organisms associated with it?
A. SEE IMAGE
B. SEE IMAGE
C. SEE IMAGE
D. SEE IMAGE
Answer: B
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
96) If all agoutis are permanently removed from the rain forest,
what will be the result?
A) swift extinction of harpy eagles
B) eventual extinction of Brazil nut trees
C) eventual
extinction of orchid bees
D) swift extinction of orchids
E) swift extinction of sloths
Answer: B
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to
tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can
grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a
favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends,
tough-walled fruits, each containing 825 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to
the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each
year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,
self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid
bees as pollinators.
97) Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships
between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two
organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism
that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labeled with
(+), and if negative, then the label is (-). Capuchin monkeys have
been known to use rocks to smash open the fruits of Brazil nut trees.
On the rare occasions this has been observed, the monkeys consume all
of the Brazil nuts. Thus, which of the following correctly depicts the
relationship between capuchin monkeys and Brazil nut trees?
A. SEE IMAGE
B. SEE IMAGE
C. SEE IMAGE
D. SEE IMAGE
Answer: A
98) Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?
A)
in the style of a flower
B) inside the tip of a pollen tube
C) enclosed in the stigma of a flower
D) within an ovule
contained within an ovary of a flower
E) packed into pollen sacs
within the anthers found on a stamen
Answer: D
99) A fruit is most commonly
A) a mature ovary.
B) a
thickened style.
C) an enlarged ovule.
D) a modified root.
E) a mature female gametophyte.
Answer: A
100) With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is
incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?
A) egg–n
B) megaspore–2n
C) microspore–n
D)
zygote–2n
E) sperm–n
Answer: B
101) Which of the following is not a characteristic that
distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?
A)
alternation of generations
B) ovules
C) integuments
D) pollen
E) dependent gametophytes
Answer: A
102) Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except
A) seeds.
B) pollen.
C) vascular tissue.
D)
ovaries.
E) ovules.
Answer: D