Campbell Biology Chapter 29 (powell_h)
1) The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the
structural integrity of plant spores is to
A) lignin.
B)
cellulose.
C) secondary compounds.
D) sporopollenin.
Answer: D
2) All of the following are common to both charophytes and land
plants except
A) sporopollenin.
B) lignin.
C)
chlorophyll a.
D) cellulose.
E) chlorophyll b.
Answer: B
3) In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the
nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis. This disintegration
does not occur in the cells of most protists and fungi. According to
our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms
should feature mitosis most similar to that of land plants?
A)
unicellular green algae
B) cyanobacteria
C) charophytes
D) red algae
E) multicellular green algae
Answer: C
4) On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an
organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and
chloroplasts with chlorophyll a. Based on this description, the
organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, a charophyte
recently washed into the ocean from a freshwater or brackish water
source, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which
of the following features would definitively identify this organism as
a land plant?
A) alternation of generations
B)
sporopollenin
C) rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
D) flagellated sperm
E) embryos
Answer: E
5) Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land
plants exhibit alternation of generations. No charophytes exhibit
alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from
molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of these
observations is that
A) charophytes are not related to either
green algae or land plants.
B) plants evolved alternation of
generations independently of green algae.
C) alternation of
generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes.
D) land plants
evolved directly from the green algae that perform alternation of
generations.
E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether
or not land plants evolved from any kind of alga.
Answer: B
6) Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the
"embryophytes"?
A) Viridiplantae
B) Plantae
C) Pterophyta
D) Bryophyta
E) Charophycea
Answer: B
7) A student encounters a pondweed which, judging from its
appearance, seems to be a charophyte. She brings a sample back to her
biology lab. Using only a compound light microscope to study the
sample, which of the following features should help her to determine
whether the sample comes from a charophyte or from some other type of
green alga?
1. molecular structure of enzymes inside peroxisomes
2.
structure of sperm cells
3. presence of phragmoplasts
4.
rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 3, and
4
E) 2, 3, and 4
Answer: E
8) Given its composition and location, the phragmoplast should be
directly involved in the
A) segregation of daughter chromosomes
during anaphase.
B) poleward migration of centrosomes during
prophase.
C) synthesis of sporopollenin during G1 and G2 phases.
D) construction of the cell plate during cytokinesis.
E)
reinforcement of the nuclear envelope during S phase.
Answer: D
9) Structurally, phragmoplasts should be most similar to
A) the
nuclear lamina.
B) the myofilaments of muscle cells.
C)
the internal support structures of microvilli.
D) the
cytoskeletal elements that produce cytoplasmic streaming and amoeboid
motion.
E) spindle fibers.
Answer: E
10) What is true of charophytes?
A) They are the ancestors of
green algae.
B) They are examples of seedless vascular plants.
C) They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants.
D) They share some features in common with land plants, namely
spores surrounded by sporopollenin and alternation of generations.
Answer: C
11) The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to
A)
comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in
spore dispersal.
B) reduce dehydration.
C) make spores
less dense and able to disperse more readily.
D) repel toxic
chemicals.
E) provide nutrients to spores.
Answer: B
12) If the kingdom Plantae is someday expanded to include the
charophytes, then the shared derived characteristics of the kingdom
will include
1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
2.
chlorophylls a and b.
3. alternation of generations.
4.
cell walls of cellulose.
5. ability to synthesize sporopollenin.
A) 1 and 5
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 3, and 5
D) 1,
4, and 5
E) 1, 2, 4, and 5
Answer: A
13) Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early
plants to successfully colonize land?
1. the relative number of potential predators (herbivores)
2. the relative number of competitors
3. the relative
availability of symbiotic partners
4. air's relative lack of
support, compared to water's support
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1, 2, and
3
E) 1, 2, and 4
Answer: D
14) Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the
first land plants?
A) sources of water
B) sperm transfer
C) desiccation
D) animal predation
E) absorbing
enough light
Answer: D
15) The following are all adaptations to life on land except
A)
rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
B) cuticles.
C)
tracheids.
D) reduced gametophyte generation.
E) seeds.
Answer: A
16) Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of
the following more possible?
A) increase of the aboveground
stem.
B) decreased absorption of mineral nutrients.
C)
increased absorption of COâ‚‚.
D) increased number of
chloroplasts in roots.
E) effective lateral growth of the stem.
Answer: A
17) Which event during the evolution of land plants probably made the
synthesis of secondary compounds most beneficial?
A) the
greenhouse effect present throughout the Devonian period
B) the
reverse-greenhouse effect during the Carboniferous period
C) the
association of the roots of land plants with fungi
D) the rise
of herbivory
E) the rise of wind pollination
Answer: D
18) Which of the following statements is true of archegonia?
A)
They are the sites where male gametes are produced.
B) They may
temporarily contain sporophyte embryos.
C) They are the same as
sporangia.
D) They are the ancestral versions of animal gonads.
E) They are asexual reproductive structures.
Answer: B
19) Which of the following is a true statement about plant
reproduction?
A) Embryophytes are small because they are in an
early developmental stage.
B) Both male and female bryophytes
produce gametangia.
C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess
water.
D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another.
E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.
Answer: B
20) Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the
following structures from largest to smallest.
1. antheridia
2. gametes
3. gametophytes
4.
gametangia
A) 1, 4, 3, 2
B) 3, 1, 2, 4
C) 3, 4, 2, 1
D)
3, 4, 1, 2
E) 4, 3, 1, 2
Answer: D
21) The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one to two
cell layers thick. Consequently, which of the following is least
likely to be found associated with such appendages?
A) cuticle
B) rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
C) stomata
D) peroxisomes
E) phenolics
Answer: C
22) Considering that the mature sporophytes of true mosses get their
nutrition from the gametophytes on which they grow, and considering
these generations as individual plants, what is true of the
relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes?
A)
Sporophytes are endosymbionts of gametophytes.
B) Sporophytes
are mutualists of gametophytes.
C) Sporophytes are commensalists
of gametophytes.
D) Sporophytes are parasites of gametophytes.
Answer: D
23) As is true of the gametophytes of all land plants, the
gametophytes of true mosses lack stomata. Yet, the feather moss
Pleurozium harbors nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Which of the
following is a feature of moss gametophytes that is most important for
the continued survival of these cyanobacteria in the tissues of the
feather moss gametophyte?
A) lack of cuticle
B) lack of
vascular tissues
C) lack of true leaves or roots
D) lack
of an independent sporophyte
E) lack of multiple cell layers in
"leaves" of "buds"
Answer: E
24) Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?
A) The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation.
B) Spores are primarily distributed by water currents.
C)
Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.
D) The
sporophyte generation is dominant.
E) The growing embryo gives
rise to the gametophyte.
Answer: C
25) Beginning with the germination of a moss spore, what is the
sequence of structures that develop after germination?
1. embryo
2. gametes
3. sporophyte
4.
protonema
5. gametophore
A) 4, 1, 3, 5,2
B) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1
C) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
D) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1
E) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
Answer: C
26) At some time during their existence, bryophytes may feature
A) microphylls.
B) true roots.
C) true leaves.
D) sporangia.
E) umbilical cells.
Answer: D
27) Two small, poorly drained lakes lie close to each other in a
northern forest. The basins of both lakes are composed of the same
geologic substratum. One lake is surrounded by a dense Sphagnum mat;
the other is not. Compared to the pond with Sphagnum, the pond lacking
the moss mat should have
A) lower numbers of bacteria.
B)
reduced rates of decomposition.
C) reduced oxygen content.
D) less-acidic water.
Answer: D
28) If you are looking for structures that transfer water and
nutrients from a bryophyte gametophyte to a bryophyte sporophyte, then
on which part of the sporophyte should you focus your attention?
A) spores
B) seta
C) foot
D) sporangium
E) peristome
Answer: C
29) In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend
completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?
A) Pterophyta
B) Bryophyta
C) horsetail (Equisetum)
D) Pterophyta,
Bryophyta, and horsetail (Equisetum)
E) Pterophyta and Bryophyta
Answer: B
30) You are hiking in a forest and happen upon a plant featuring a
central stemlike structure from which sprout many, tiny, leaflike
structures. Which of the following would be the most certain means of
distinguishing whether it was a true moss or a club moss?
A) its
color
B) its height
C) if seeds are present
D) if
conducting tissues are present
E) the appearance of its
spore-producing structures
Answer: E
31) Which of the following characteristics helped seedless plants
better adapt to life on land?
A) a dominant gametophyte
B)
photosystem II
C) a chitinous cuticle
D) stomata on leaves
E) an unbranched sporophyte
Answer: D
32) A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain
forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the
following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids,
separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte
dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to
A) mosses.
B) charophytes.
C) ferns.
D)
gymnosperms.
E) flowering plants.
Answer: C
33) You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant,
which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte
sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in
determining the correct classification of the plant?
A) whether
or not it has true leaves
B) whether it has microphylls or
megaphylls
C) whether or not it has seeds
D) its height
E) whether or not it has chlorophyll a
Answer: B
34) Sporophylls can be found in which of the following?
A)
mosses
B) liverworts
C) hornworts
D) pterophytes
E) charophytes
Answer: D
35) If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male
and female gametangia on the same plant), then it
A) belongs to
a species that is homosporous.
B) must be diploid.
C) has
lost the need for a sporophyte generation.
D) has antheridia and
archegonia combined into a single sex organ.
E) is actually not
a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female.
Answer: A
36) Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the
following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive
to least inclusive).
1. spores
2. sporophylls
3. sporophytes
4.
sporangia
A) 2, 4, 3, 1
B) 2, 3, 4, 1
C) 3, 1, 4, 2
D)
3, 4, 2, 1
E) 3, 2, 4, 1
Answer: E
37) If humans had been present to build log structures during the
Carboniferous period (they weren't), which plant types would have been
suitable sources of logs?
A) whisk ferns and epiphytes
B)
horsetails and bryophytes
C) lycophytes and bryophytes
D)
ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes
E) charophytes, bryophytes,
and gymnosperms
Answer: D
38) Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?
A) Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct
varieties.
B) Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless
vascular plants during the Carboniferous period.
C) They produce
many spores, which are really the same as seeds.
D) The
gametophyte is the dominant generation.
E) Sphagnum is an
economically and ecologically important example.
Answer: B
39) Which of the following are land plants that use the same means of
getting sperm to egg that algae use?
A) true mosses, hornworts,
and liverworts
B) ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails
C)
all land plants
D) Two of the responses above are correct.
Answer: D
40) Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least
inclusive.
1. embryophytes
2. green plants
3. seedless vascular
plants
4. ferns
5. tracheophytes
A) 1, 2, 5, 3, 4
B) 2, 1, 5, 3, 4
C) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3
E) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
Answer: B
41) Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in
their leaves as atmospheric COâ‚‚ levels decline. Increasing the
number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect of
doing which of the following?
1. increasing dehydration of leaf tissues
2. decreasing
dehydration of leaf tissues
3. countering the effect of
declining COâ‚‚ on photosynthesis
4. reinforcing the effect of
declining COâ‚‚ on photosynthesis
5. decreasing the Oâ‚‚ content
of air next to the leaves lower than it would otherwise be
6.
increasing the Oâ‚‚ content of air next to the leaves higher than it
would otherwise be
A) 1, 3, and 5
B) 1, 3, and 6
C) 1, 4, and 5
D) 2, 3, and 6
E) 2, 4, and 5
Answer: B
42) Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf
when atmospheric COâ‚‚ levels decline is most analogous to a human
A) breathing faster as atmospheric COâ‚‚ levels increase.
B) putting more red blood corpuscles (RBCs) into circulation
when atmospheric Oâ‚‚ levels decline.
C) removing RBCs from
circulation when atmospheric Oâ‚‚ levels increase.
D) breathing
more slowly as atmospheric Oâ‚‚ levels increase.
Answer: B
43) Which of the following should have had gene sequences most
similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land
plants?
A) early angiosperms
B) early bryophytes
C)
early gymnosperms
D) early lycophytes
E) early pterophytes
Answer: B
44) Of the following list, flagellated (swimming) sperm are generally
present in which groups?
1. Lycophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Angiosperms
4.
Chlorophyta
5. Pterophyta
A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1, 2, 4, and 5
C) 1, 3, 4, and 5
D) 2, 3, and 5
E) 2, 3, 4, and 5
Answer: B
45) If intelligent extraterrestrials visited Earth 475 million years
ago, and then again 300 million years ago (at the close of the
Carboniferous period), what trends would they have noticed in Earth's
terrestrial vegetation over this period?
1.a trend from dominant gametophytes to dominant sporophytes
2. a trend from sporangia borne on modified leaves (sporophylls)
to sporangia borne on stalks (seta)
3. a trend from no true
leaves, to microphylls, to megaphylls
4. a trend from
soil-surface-hugging plants to "overtopping" plants
5.
a trend toward increased lignification of conducting systems
A) 1 and 3
B) 3, 4, and 5
C) 1, 2, 4, and 5
D)
1, 3, 4, and 5
E) 2, 3, 4, and 5
Answer: D
46) If you were faced with the choice of eliminating all mutualistic
symbioses involving plants and other organisms (besides humans), with
the goal being to preserve the most plant biomass, which of the
following would you save from elimination?
A) the dispersal of
seeds in or on animals
B) the dispersal of male gametophytes by
animals
C) plants harboring nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D)
associations between soil fungi and roots or rhizoids
Answer: D
47) During glacial periods in the early evolution of land plants,
which of the following would have been a beneficial adaptation
regarding the number of stomata per unit surface area, and what
accounts for it?
A) increased numbers of stomata, to maximize
absorption of increasing levels of atmospheric COâ‚‚
B)
increased numbers of stomata, to maximize ability to absorb low levels
of atmospheric COâ‚‚
C) decreased numbers of stomata, to retain
COâ‚‚ produced by the chloroplasts
D) decreased numbers of
stomata, to maximize absorption of low levels of atmospheric COâ‚‚
Answer: B
48) What is thought to be the correct sequence of the following
events during the Carboniferous period?
1. vascular plants
become more prevalent
2. megaphylls with large surface areas
become more prevalent
3. atmospheric COâ‚‚ levels decline by a
factor of five
4. global cooling occurs, leading to widespread
glaciations
A) 1, 2 ,3, 4
B) 2, 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 1, 4, 3
D)
1, 2, 4, 3
E) 3, 4, 1, 2
Answer: A
Researchers tested nitrogen loss from soil where the moss Polytrichum
was growing, and compared it to soil from which Polytrichum had been
removed. The data are presented below.
Figure 29.1
49) Loss of soil nitrogen via "gaseous emission" was
found to be negligible. Rather, most loss of soil nitrogen was due to
water erosion of the soil. Which of these hypotheses is least likely
to account for the observed results?
A) If rhizoids had helped
stabilize the soil, then less erosion and less loss of nitrogen would
occur.
B) If protonemata had absorbed, and stored, nitrogen from
the soil, then they would have reduced loss of nitrogen by erosion.
C) If the overlying mat of gametophores had slowed the entry of
water into the soil, then it would have reduced water's ability to
erode the soil and carry away its nitrogen.
D) If sporophyte
stomata had absorbed nitrogen from the soil, then they would have
reduced loss of nitrogen by erosion.
Answer: D
Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall
Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical
buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil
and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas
where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil
surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area,
the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In
the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the
soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way
to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall,
was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of
one year. Figure 29.2 presents four graphs that depict potential
results of this experiment.
50) Which graph of soil nitrogen loss over time in Figure 29.2
most strongly supports the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum
gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer, then
they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil and carry
away its nitrogen?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall
Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical
buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil
and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas
where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil
surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area,
the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In
the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the
soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way
to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall,
was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of
one year. Figure 29.2 presents four graphs that depict potential
results of this experiment.
51) If the actual results most closely resembled those in Figure
29.2(A), then a further question arising from these data is: "Do
the Polytrichum rhizoids have to be alive in order to reduce soil
nitrogen loss, or do dead rhizoids have the same effect?" Arrange
the following steps in the correct sequence to test this hypothesis.
1. Add metabolic poison to the soil of the experimental plot of
mosses.
2. Apply water equally to the experimental and control
plots.
3. Measure initial soil nitrogen contents of control and
experimental plots.
4. Determine nitrogen loss from soil of
control and experimental plots.
5. Establish two identical plots
of Polytrichum mosses; one as a control, the other as the experimental
treatment.
A) 5, 1, 3, 2, 4
B) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
C) 5, 3, 1, 2, 4
D) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2
E) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4
Answer: C
Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall
Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical
buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil
and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas
where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil
surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area,
the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In
the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the
soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way
to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall,
was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of
one year. Figure 29.2 presents four graphs that depict potential
results of this experiment.
52) Which of these potential results of applying a metabolic
poison to the rhizoids of Polytrichum should interfere the least with
the ability to draw valid conclusions from this experiment?
A)
If, upon dying, the rhizoids leak nitrogenous compounds into the soil
before final nitrogen content is measured.
B) If, upon dying,
decomposition of the rhizoids introduces nitrogenous compounds to the
soil before final nitrogen content is measured.
C) If the
metabolic poison is hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or sodium azide (NaN3), and
much of the poison remains in the soil.
D) If the metabolic
poison acts against the mitochondria of the rhizoid cells.
E) If
the metabolic poison absorbs nitrogen and strongly adheres to soil
particles, acting as a sort of glue.
Answer: D
Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall
Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical
buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil
and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas
where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil
surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area,
the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In
the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the
soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way
to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall,
was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of
one year. Figure 29.2 presents four graphs that depict potential
results of this experiment.
53) Why should we expect the soil's nitrogen not to be contained
solely within the rhizoids of the Polytrichum mosses?
A)
Rhizoids are associated with fungi that inhibit mineral transfer from
soil to rhizoids.
B) Rhizoids are not absorptive structures.
C) Rhizoids consist of single, tubular cells or of filaments of
cells.
D) Rhizoids lack direct attachment to the moss sporophytes.
Answer: B
Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall
Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical
buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil
and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas
where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil
surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area,
the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In
the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the
soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way
to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall,
was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of
one year. Figure 29.2 presents four graphs that depict potential
results of this experiment.
54) The 2-m height attainable
by Polytrichum moss is at the upper end of the size range reached by
mosses. What accounts for the relative tallness of Polytrichum?
A) the cuticle that is found along the ridges of
"leaves"
B) "leaves" that are more than one
cell layer thick
C) high humidity of surrounding air which
provides support against gravity
D) reduced size, mass, and
persistence of the sporophytes which allows gametophores to grow
taller
E) the presence of conducting tissues in the "stem"
Answer: E
55) What is true of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 29.3?
1. It depicts uncertainty about whether the bryophytes or the
vascular plants evolved first.
2. It is hypothetical.
3.
It includes polytomies.
4. It shows that ferns (phylum
Pterophyta) are the closest living relatives to the seed plants.
5. It indicates that seeds are a shared ancestral character of
all vascular plants.
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 2,
and 4
E) 2, 3, and 5
Answer: B
56) The resolution of the relationships indicated by dashed lines in
Figure 29.3 will most probably come from
A) more whole-genome
analyses of extant (living) species.
B) more-detailed analyses
of the morphologies of extant species.
C) the discovery of more
fossils of extinct taxa from the time of seed-plant origins.
D)
more-detailed analyses of the life cycles of extant species.
E)
more molecular analyses of the types and structures of photosynthetic
pigments present in extant species.
Answer: A
57) Which of the following should be most helpful in distinguishing
the clades depicted on the tree in Figure 29.3 from each other?
A) the types of conducting tissues that are present
B) the
types of photosynthetic pigments that are present
C) the details
of reproduction
D) the concentration of stomata present on
leaves of the saprophyte generation
E) whether it is the
sporophyte generation or the gametophyte generation that is dominant
Answer: C
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,
15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest
point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.
A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny
spheres with a high oil content.
58) This student has probably found a(n)
A) immature pine
tree.
B) bryophyte sporophyte.
C) fern sporophyte.
D) horsetail gametophyte.
E) lycophyte sporophyte.
Answer: E
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,
15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest
point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.
A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny
spheres with a high oil content.
59) Besides oil, what other chemical should be detected in
substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?
A) sporopollenins
B) phenolics
C) waxes
D)
lignins
E) terpenes
Answer: A
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,
15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest
point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.
A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny
spheres with a high oil content.
60) This organism probably belongs to the same phylum as the
A) ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns.
B) club mosses,
quillworts, and spike mosses.
C) mosses, hornworts, and
liverworts.
D) conifers.
E) charophytes.
Answer: B
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,
15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest
point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.
A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny
spheres with a high oil content.
61) A dissection of the interior of this organism's stem should
reveal
A) lignified vascular tissues.
B) cuticle.
C)
gametangia.
D) that it is composed of only a single, long cell.
E) a relatively high proportion of dead, water-filled cells.
Answer: A
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
62) What feature of both true mosses and ferns makes it most
surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts?
A) flagellated sperm
B) lack of vascular tissues
C)
lack of true roots
D) lack of cuticle
E) a gametophyte
generation that is dominant
Answer: A
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
63) Which of the following features is most important in order
for true mosses and ferns to survive and reproduce in the desert?
A) that the sporophytes occupy only permanently shady,
north-facing habitats
B) that the sporophytes hug the ground,
growing no taller than a couple of inches
C) either that their
gametophytes grow close together, or that they be hermaphroditic
D) that the sporophytes have highly lignified vascular tissues
Answer: C
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
64) Which of the following characteristics is (are) possessed in
common by true mosses, ferns, and spike mosses, and therefore becomes
useless at helping to determine to which of these groups flower of
stone belongs?
1. a sporophyte generation that is dominant
2. true leaves
and roots
3. flagellated sperm
4. strobili
5.
alternation of generations
A) 5 only
B) 1 and 5
C) 2 and 3
D) 3 and 5
E) 2, 4, and 5
Answer: D
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
65) Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone, one
can observe tiny, cone-like structures. Each cone-like structure emits
spores of two different sizes. Based on this information, which of the
following can be properly inferred about flower of stone?
1. It is heterosporous.
2. It is a fern.
3. The
cone-like structures are sori.
4. It is a lycophyte.
5. It
has separate male and female gametophytes.
A) 1 and 5
B) 2 and 3
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 4,
and 5
E) 1, 2, 3, and 5
Answer: D
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
66) Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone, one
can observe tiny, cone-like structures. Each cone-like structure emits
spores of two different sizes. Consequently, which of the following is
the closest living relative of flower of stone?
A) true moss
B) club moss
C) hornwort
D) liverwort
E) fern
Answer: B
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
67) Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone, one
can observe tiny, cone-like structures. Each cone-like structure emits
spores of two different sizes. Consequently, flower of stone should be
expected to possess which other characteristics?
1. a gametophyte generation that is dominant
2. lignified
vascular tissues
3. microphylls
4. filamentous rhizoids,
but not true roots
5. spores that are diploid when mature
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 5
C) 2 and 3
D) 2, 3, and
4
E) 3, 4, and 5
Answer: C
Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where
rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon
when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One
such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a
flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its
leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its
leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor.
Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection
plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a
spike moss.
68) In which combination of locations would one who is searching
for the gametophytes of flower of stone have the best chance of
finding them?
1. moist soil
2. underground, nourished there by symbiotic
fungi
3. south- or west-facing slopes
4. permanently shady
places
5. far from any flower of stone sporophytes
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 2, and 4
D) 1, 2,
and 5
E) 1, 3, 4, and 5
Answer: C
69) Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the
closest algal relatives of plants?
A) similar sperm structure
B) the presence of chloroplasts
C) similarities in cell
wall formation during cell division
D) genetic similarities in
chloroplasts
E) similarities in proteins that synthesize cellulose
Answer: B
70) Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in
their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?
A) chlorophyll b
B) cellulose in cell walls
C) formation of a cell plate
during cytokinesis
D) sexual reproduction
E) alternation
of multicellular generations
Answer: E
71) In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?
A) haploid sporophytes
B) haploid gametes
C) diploid
gametes
D) haploid spores
E) diploid spores
Answer: D
72) Microphylls are found in which plant group?
A) mosses
B) liverworts
C) lycophytes
D) ferns
E) hornworts
Answer: C
73) Which of the following is a land plant that has flagellated sperm
and a sporophyte-dominated life cycle?
A) fern
B) moss
C) liverwort
D) charophyte
E) hornwort
Answer: A
74) Suppose an efficient conducting system evolved in a moss that
could transport water and other materials as high as a tall tree.
Which of the following statements about "trees" of such a
species would not be true?
A) Fertilization would probably be
more difficult.
B) Spore dispersal distances would probably
increase.
C) Females could produce only one archegonium.
D) Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a
"tree" would probably flop over.
E) Individuals would
probably compete more effectively for access to light.
Answer: C