Campbell Biology Chapter 35 (powell_h)
1) One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model
system for studies of plant form and function is its
A) fast
generation time.
B) exceptionally large genome.
C) large
seeds.
D) high tolerance to stress.
E) high mutation rate.
Answer: A
2) Studies using Arabidopsis thaliana have led to important advances
in all of the following except
A) gene mapping.
B) impact
of point mutations on gene function.
C) gene expression during
plant development.
D) evolutionary history of plants.
E)
how genes potentially interact with other genes.
Answer: D
3) The total number of genes in a species' genome is not necessarily
a good indicator of biological complexity because
A) most genes
are never turned on.
B) many genes are repeats.
C) this
does not take into account the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA.
D) this does not take into account mRNA-mRNA interactions.
E) this does not take into account protein-mRNA interactions.
Answer: C
4) Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the
cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells.
A) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of
sclerenchyma cells.
B) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are
thicker than those of schlerenchyma cells.
C) The cell walls of
both types of cells are roughly equal.
D) The thickness of the
cell walls for both types of cells is too variable for a comparison to
be made.
Answer: A
5) Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?
A) root hair dermal tissue
B) palisade parenchyma ground
tissue
C) guard cell dermal tissue
D) companion cell
ground tissue
E) tracheid vascular tissue
Answer: D
6) Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?
A) root hair
B) cuticle
C) periderm
D) pith
E) phloem
Answer: D
7) Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken
up from the soil?
A) taproots
B) root hairs
C) the
thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem
D) storage
roots
E) sections of the root that have secondary xylem
Answer: B
8) Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types
except
A) mesodermal.
B) epidermal.
C) meristematic.
D) vascular.
E) ground tissue.
Answer: A
9) Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types
except
A) vessel elements.
B) sieve cells.
C)
tracheids.
D) companion cells.
E) cambium cells.
Answer: E
10) When you eat Brussels sprouts, what are you eating?
A)
immature flowers
B) large axillary buds
C) petioles
D) storage leaves
E) storage roots
Answer: B
11) Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of
DNA transcription?
A) tracheids
B) mature mesophyll cells
C) companion cells
D) meristematic cells
E)
glandular cells
Answer: A
12) ________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.
A)
Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell
B) Apical meristem; vascular
cambium
C) Vessel element; sieve-tube member
D) Cortex;
pith
E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium
Answer: C
13) CO₂ enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the
A)
cuticle.
B) epidermal trichomes.
C) stoma.
D)
phloem.
E) walls of guard cells.
Answer: C
14) Which of the following cells transport sugars over long
distances?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) tracheids and vessel elements
E) sieve-tube elements
Answer: E
15) Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that
support young, growing parts of the plant?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D)
tracheids and vessel elements
E) sieve-tube elements
Answer: B
16) Which of the following are most responsible for supporting
mature, nongrowing parts of the plant?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) trichomes
D) tracheids and
vessel elements
E) sieve-tube elements
Answer: D
17) The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in
a root is called the
A) cortex.
B) stele.
C)
endodermis.
D) periderm.
E) pith.
Answer: B
18) One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the
anatomy of leaves is that
A) only leaves have phloem and only
roots have xylem.
B) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells
do not.
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from
roots.
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from
leaves.
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.
Answer: C
19) A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds
many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells
have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?
A)
parenchyma
B) xylem
C) endodermis
D) collenchyma
E) sclerenchyma
Answer: A
20) Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best
described as
A) perennial.
B) weedy.
C)
indeterminate.
D) derivative.
E) primary.
Answer: C
21) A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in which
section of a root?
A) zone of cell division
B) zone of
elongation
C) zone of maturation
D) root cap
E)
apical meristem
Answer: C
22) Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur
most easily in which leaf tissue?
A) epidermis
B) palisade
mesophyll
C) spongy mesophyll
D) vascular tissue
E)
bundle sheath
Answer: C
23) Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by
compound leaves versus simple leaves?
A) There's a greater
chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas.
B)
There is less chance of damage in high-wind areas.
C) There's a
reduced chance of herbivory.
D) There is less surface area for
water loss.
E) There's a greater chance of capturing photons in
intermittently shady areas and less chance of damage in high-wind areas.
Answer: E
24) Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell
A) as a gas.
B) as a liquid.
C) covalently bound to sugars.
D)
coupled to ion transport.
E) via endocytosis.
Answer: B
25) Plants contain meristems whose major function is to
A)
attract pollinators.
B) absorb ions.
C) photosynthesize.
D) produce more cells.
E) produce flowers.
Answer: D
26) A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide,
perform metabolic functions, and store photosynthate would be a
A) parenchyma cell in a leaf.
B) vessel element in the
vascular system.
C) endodermal cell in a root.
D) bark
cell.
E) fiber cell.
Answer: A
27) Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable
of cell division?
A) mesophyll cell in a developing leaf
B) parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root
C)
parenchyma cell in a dormant axillary bud
D) functional tracheid
cell in a stem
Answer: D
28) The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is
primarily
A) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip
of the root.
B) continuous cell division just behind the root
cap in the center of the apical meristem.
C) elongation of cells
behind the root apical meristem.
D) the elongation of root
hairs.
E) continuous cell division of root cap cells.
Answer: C
29) Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to
A)
cell division at the shoot apical meristem.
B) cell elongation
directly below the shoot apical meristem.
C) cell division
localized in each internode.
D) cell elongation localized in
each internode.
E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem
and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.
Answer: D
30) Axillary buds
A) are initiated by the cork cambium.
B) have dormant meristematic cells.
C) are composed of a
series of internodes lacking nodes.
D) grow immediately into
shoot branches.
E) do not form a vascular connection with the
primary shoot.
Answer: B
The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root.
I. root cap
II. zone of elongation
III. zone of cell
division
IV. zone of cell maturation
V. apical meristem
31) Which of the following is the correct sequence from the
growing tips of the root upward?
A) I, II, V, III, IV
B)
III, V, I, II, IV
C) II, IV, I, V, III
D) IV, II, III, I,
V
E) I, V, III, II, IV
Answer: E
32) Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure
and function?
A) sclerenchyma supporting cells with thick
secondary walls
B) periderm protective coat of woody stems and
roots
C) pericycle waterproof ring of cells surrounding the
central stele in roots
D) mesophyll parenchyma cells functioning
in photosynthesis in leaves
E) ground meristem primary meristem
that produces the ground tissue system
Answer: C
33) Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?
A) endodermis
B) phloem
C) cortex
D) epidermis
E) pericycle
Answer: E
34) A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the
flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical
evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be
A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot
apical meristem.
B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem
with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the
meristem.
C) preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the
meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem.
D)
elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the
shoot apical meristem.
E) formation of stomata in the epidermal
layer of the shoot apical meristem.
Answer: C
35) Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are
called
A) hairs.
B) xylem cells.
C) phloem cells.
D) stomata.
E) sclereids.
Answer: D
36) Which of the following is a true statement about growth in
plants?
A) Only primary growth is localized at meristems.
B) Some plants lack secondary growth.
C) Only stems have
secondary growth.
D) Only secondary growth produces reproductive
structures.
E) Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots
have only secondary growth.
Answer: B
37) All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their
functions except
A) mesophyll–photosynthesis.
B) guard
cell–regulation of transpiration.
C) sieve-tube
member–translocation.
D) vessel element–water transport.
E) companion cell–formation of secondary xylem and phloem.
Answer: E
38) What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a
plant to light in a dense forest?
A) closing of the stomata
B) lateral buds
C) apical dominance
D) absence of
petioles
E) intercalary meristems
Answer: C
39) A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical
dominance by auxin via which of the following?
A) pruning shoot
tips
B) deep watering of the roots
C) fertilizing
D)
treating the plants with auxins
E) feeding the plants nutrients
Answer: A
40) What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?
A) increases apical dominance
B) inhibits the growth of
lateral buds
C) produces a plant that will grow taller
D)
stimulates lateral buds to grow
E) increases the flow of auxin
down the shoot
Answer: D
41) Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral
meristem activity?
A) secondary xylem
B) leaves
C)
trichomes
D) tubers
E) cortex
Answer: A
42) A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system,
several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a
layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best
describes the plant?
A) herbaceous eudicot
B) woody
eudicot
C) woody monocot
D) herbaceous monocot
E)
woody annual
Answer: B
43) Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as
A) dermal
and ground tissue.
B) lateral tissues.
C) pith.
D)
secondary tissues.
E) shoots and roots.
Answer: D
44) Which of the following is a true statement?
A) Flowers may
have secondary growth.
B) Secondary growth is a common feature
of eudicot leaves.
C) Secondary growth is produced by both the
vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
D) Primary growth and
secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant.
E)
Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.
Answer: C
45) What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
A) primary
xylem
B) secondary xylem
C) secondary phloem
D)
mesophyll cells
E) vascular cambium
Answer: B
46) If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a
large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)
outward, you would cross, in order,
A) the annual rings, new
xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark.
B) the secondary
xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm.
C) the vascular
cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem.
D) the secondary xylem,
secondary phloem, and vascular cambium.
E) the summer wood,
bark, and phloem.
Answer: A
47) Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root
originates from which cells?
A) vascular cambium
B) apical
meristem
C) endodermis
D) phloem
E) xylem
Answer: A
48) According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes
would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals
and petals but no stamens or carpels?
A) A genes only
B) B
genes only
C) C genes only
D) A and B genes only
E)
A and C genes only
Answer: D
49) A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower.
Which flower part(s) will develop in this plant?
A) sepals
B) petals
C) stamens
D) carpels
E) both sepals
and petals
Answer: A
50) While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an
RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this
information, what can be inferred?
A) The differently colored
plants will attract different pollinating insects.
B) The RNA
probe is transported only to certain tissues.
C) The colored
regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals.
D)
The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals.
E) More
research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.
Answer: D
51) Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant
cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must
A) differentiate into procambium.
B) undergo
dedifferentiation.
C) increase the number of chromosomes in
their nuclei.
D) enzymatically digest their primary cell walls.
E) establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm.
Answer: B
52) The polarity of a plant is established when
A) the zygote
divides.
B) cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo.
C) the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo.
D)
the primary root breaks through the seed coat.
E) the shoot
first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.
Answer: A
53) Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give
rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that
A)
plant development is not under genetic control.
B) the cells of
shoots and the cells of roots have different genes.
C) cell
differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression.
D) a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation.
E) sexual reproduction is not necessary in plants.
Answer: C
54) Which of the following statements is false?
A) A
preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing
cell.
B) The way in which a plant cell differentiates is
determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body.
C) Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis.
D) Plant
cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes
will be turned "on" and "off."
E)
Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced.
Answer: D
55) Which of the following are true statements about the cells shown
in the photograph in Figure 35.1 above?
A) They are parenchyma
cells.
B) They are photosynthetic.
C) They are usually
found in roots.
D) They are phloem cells.
E) They are
parenchyma cells and photosynthetic.
Answer: E
The following question are based on the drawing of root or stem cross
sections shown in Figure 35.2.
Figure 35.2
56) A monocot stem is represented by
A) I only.
B) II
only.
C) III only.
D) IV only.
E) both I and III.
Answer: B
The following question are based on the drawing of root or stem cross
sections shown in Figure 35.2.
Figure 35.2
57) A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by
A) I only.
B) II only.
C) III only.
D) IV
only.
E) both I and III.
Answer: D
The following question are based on the drawing of root or stem cross
sections shown in Figure 35.2.
Figure 35.2
58) A woody eudicot is represented by
A) I only.
B)
II only.
C) III only.
D) IV only.
E) both I and III.
Answer: D
59) As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree
that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground.
Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown
to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is
the nail?
A) 0.5
B) 1.5
C) 3.0
D) 15.0
E) 28.5
Answer: B
60) Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around
the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting
the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several
weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s) that George left
functional was/were the
A) phloem.
B) xylem.
C) cork
cambium.
D) cortex.
E) companion and sieve-tube members.
Answer: B
61) Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of
A) cell
differentiation.
B) morphogenesis.
C) cell division.
D) cell elongation.
E) reproduction.
Answer: D
62) The innermost layer of the root cortex is the
A) core.
B) pericycle.
C) endodermis.
D) pith.
E)
vascular cambium.
Answer: C
63) Heartwood and sapwood consist of
A) bark.
B)
periderm.
C) secondary xylem.
D) secondary phloem.
E) cork.
Answer: C
64) The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the
mature vegetative phase is often revealed by
A) a change in the
morphology of the leaves produced.
B) the initiation of
secondary growth.
C) the formation of lateral roots.
D) a
change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic
microtubules in lateral meristems.
E) the activation of floral
meristem identity genes.
Answer: A
65) Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a
flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A
and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?
A)
carpel-petal-petal-carpel
B) petal-petal-stamen-stamen
C)
sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal
D) sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel
E) carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel
Answer: B
66) Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from
meristematic activity?
A) secondary xylem
B) leaves
C) dermal tissue
D) tubers
E) secondary xylem,
leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers
Answer: E
67) Which of the following would not be seen in a cross-section
through the woody part of a root?
A) sclerenchyma cells
B)
parenchyma cells
C) sieve-tube elements
D) root hairs
E) vessel elements
Answer: D