chapter 3
The names of most enzymes end with the suffix
ase
Which word describes all the decomposition reaction in the body?
catabolism
Match the names of the parts of the pictured chemical equation
AB --> A+B
Reactant [A B] because this is the starting chemical, it is the reactant.
Product [A,B] because this chemical is formed at the end of the product. It is produced by the reaction.
Which terms can be applied to most synthesis reaction in the body?
ATP formation is an reaction because energy must be supplied for the reaction to occur
Endergonic
ATP splitting is an reaction because energy is released
Exergonic
A ball rolling across a table exhibits kinetic energy
Mechanical
The reaction pictured is a reaction
Co2 + H20 <--> H2Co2
Reversible
The combination of all catabolic and anabolic chemical reactions is referred to as
Metabolism
The type of potential energy that is stored in a molecule's chemical band is called energy.
Chemical
The reaction pictured is an example of an reaction.
Sucrose --> Glucose + Fructose
The reaction picture is a reaction
amino acids H20 Dipeptide
A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one chemical structure to another is referred to as an
Oxidation reduction reaction
Light that can be detected by the retina is referred as a
Visible
In an reaction, the products have more energy than the reactants.
Enderganic
A is a method of writing a summary of the changes that occur in a chemical reaction.
Chemical equation
Which terms can be used to classify reactions based on the relative amounts of energy in reactants and products?
If the optimal temp. for an enzyme is significantly exceeded, the enzyme may
Denature
Which of the following determine reaction rate in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
The temporary structure formed when an enzyme binds to subtracted is known as an complex.
enzyme- substrate
If an electron and a hydrogen ion are removed from a structure during a chemical reaction, the structure is said to have been
Oxicized
Which of the following terms can be applied to most decomposition reactions in the body?
reactions still occur, but at a much slower rate
Uncatalyzed
Enzymes are biological cataylists
significantly speed up chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. They do this by binding to the reactants and bringing them together, or splitting them apart. At the end, the catalysts is unchanged and can do the same work again.
Catalysts
chemical reactions: Classification basic on chemical structure:
Synthesis
chemical reactions: Classification basic on chemical structure:
Decomposition
chemical reactions: Classification basic on chemical structure:
Exchange
In an reaction, energy is released. There, the reactants have more energy then the products.
Exergonic
Many synthesis in the body are dehydration reactions but decomposition reactions are not.
Dehydration
reactions absorb energy and yield products rich in potential energy
Endergonic
speed up the reaction
Catalyst
reactions release energy and yield products that contain less potential energy than their reactants
Exergonic
Inhibitors interfere with enzymes
is composed of numerous enzymes to convert a specific substrate to the final product. The product of one enzyme is the substrate for the next enzyme in the pathway. Can be regulated by negative feedback that involves a product that serves as an allosteric inhibitor binding to an enzyme early in the patthway
Metabolic pathway
The energy required to break existing chemical bonds for the chemical reaction to proceed is called
Activation energy, or Ea
An enzyme
A molecule or ion that aids an enzyme to ensure a reaction occurs is known as an
Cofactor
is the collective term for all the synthesis reactions in the body
Anabolism
The law of thermodynamies states that a quantity of energy can't be completely transferred from one form into another
Second
Which type of reaction involves both synthesis and decomposition?
Exchange
If multiple enzymes in a metabolic pathway are physically attached to each other, they form a
multienzyme complex
If a hydrogen ion and an eletron is added to a structure during a chemical reaction, the structure is said to have been
Reduced
Most enzymes are proteins that range is size from 60 to 2500 amino acids
Globular
If further increase in substrate concentration do not result in further increases in reaction rate, than an enzyme is likely
Saturation
In the mnemonic "LEO" says "GER". The acronym "LEO" stands for
Loses Electrons is Oxidized
The movement of ions across a membrane is an example of
Electrical
The vibrating string on a violin imparts kinetic energy to the air around it.
Sound
Which conditions will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
Most enzymes are capable of catalyzing type of reaction .
one
An binds to a site apart from the active site to prevent an enzyme from catalyzing a reaction.
Allosteric inhibitor
The is the location on an enzyme where the substrate binds
Active site
Which of the following statements correctly describes energy?
Enzyme binds to an enzyme to turn it off, thus preventing it from catalyzing a reaction
inhibitors
If a cofactor is an organic molecule it is also sometimes called an
Coenzymes
The study of energy transformation is called
Thermodynamics
The activation energy of a catalyzed reaction is that of an uncatalyzed reaction
lower then
The site a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to is called an site
Allosteric
Which terms can be used to classify reactions based on the relative amounts of energy in reaction and products?
If the rate of a reaction leads to a net loss of reactants, than the reaction is considered
irreversible
How are metabolic pathways usually regulated?
negative feedback
The type of chemical reaction that occurs when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a larger chemical structure is called reaction
Synthesis
are present prior to the start of a chemical reaction
Reactants
Activation energy is only required in endergonic reaction
false
The process of removing a phosphate is
dephosphorylation
A binds to the active site of an enzyme to stop the enzyme from catalyzing a reaction.
Competitive inhibitor
When terms can be applied to most synthesis reactions in the body?
The reaction pictured is an reaction
A + B --> AB
irreversible
Place the steps in enzyme action in proper order:
Which is the optimal pH range for most human enzyme?
6 to 8
Mechanical and electrical energy are both forms of energy
Kinetic
Which is used to measure the heat energy of a substance?
Temperature
are formed during a chemical reaction
Product
Which are forms of radiant energy?
The law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
First
Which are involved in a chemical reaction?
heat
A biologically active catalyst is known as
Enzymes
At equilibrium, a reversible reaction proceeds in direction.
Both
Match the class of enzyme with description of its basic function
Which of the following are criteria are for chemical reactions?
Which type of reaction results when a large molecule break down into smaller molecules?
Decomposition
Kinetic energy in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as energy
radiant
Which is a significant factor affecting enzymes reaction rate?
Temperature
Which functions primarily as energy storage in the human body?
A pile of gun power can represent chemical energy, while a flying bullet can represent mechanical energy.