Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.

False

The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing.

True

Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.

False

The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.

False

The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.

True

There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein.

False

The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids equals the amount excreted in urine.

False

The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by the age, size, and metabolic rate of the person.

True

Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.

False

Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.

False

Glycolysis is a series of six chemical steps, most of which take place in the mitochondria.

False

Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.

True

All athletes require diets high in protein and calories in order to perform and to maintain their muscle mass

False

In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.

True

Including the ATP from glycolysis, the cell gains 34 ATP molecules from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule.

False

The body requires adequate supplies of only three minerals (calcium, sodium, chloride) and trace amounts of all others.

False

Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are anabolic.

False

For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.

True

Triglycerides and cholesterol do not circulate freely in the bloodstream.

True

Normal body temperature range is 98.6-100°F, regardless of external temperature.

False

A deficit of potassium can cause rickets.

False

It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.

True

The body's thermoregulatory centers are located in the thalamus.

False

Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first beconverted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.

True

High levels of HDLs are considered good.

True

Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.

False

Ghrelin, produced by the stomach, is a powerful appetite stimulant.

True

Peptides called NPY and AgRP are powerful appetite enhancers.

True

The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells.

True